【题目】 气温和降水是我们最为关注的气候要素。完成下面小题。
【1】下列词语中描述气候的是( )
A.阳光明媚B.四季如春C.狂风暴雨D.寒风凛冽
【2】下列关于世界气温和降水分布的一般规律表述正确的是( )
A.世界年平均气温由低纬度向高纬度递减
B.同一时间同纬度的海洋和陆地气温相同
C.赤道附近降水少,两极附近降水多
D.中纬度内陆降水多,沿海降水少
【答案】
【1】B
【2】A
【解析】
【1】天气是指某个地方距离地表较近的大气层在短时间内的具体状况,特点是多变;气候是指一个地方多年的天气平均状况,具有相对的稳定性。阳光明媚、狂风暴雨、寒风凛冽表示的都是某个地方短时间内的阴晴、雨雪等状况,属于天气;四季如春表示的是某个地方多年的天气平均状况,具有相对的稳定性,属于气候。故选B。
【2】受纬度因素和太阳高度角的影响,世界年平均气温由低纬度向高纬度递减;故A正确。同一时间同纬度的海洋和陆地气温不相同,夏季陆地气温高,冬季海洋气温高;故B错误。赤道地区太阳辐射强烈,多对流雨;两极地区冷,空气下沉,降水少;故C错误。中纬度沿海迎风地区,受海洋影响大,降水多;内陆地区距海洋远,降水少;故D错误。根据题意。故选A。
该题考查天气和气候的区别和世界气温和降水的分布规律,分析解答即可。
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