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    【题目】国家科技惠民计划项目“石漠化治理及其生态产业科技惠民示范工程”于2014年1月6日在贵州普定县启动。此次启动的画家科技计划项目示范工程，由中科院地化所牵头实施，选取滇桂黔石漠化集中连片贫困地区的典型代表——贵州普定县为示范区，针对喀斯特山区石漠化严重、工程性缺水、土地生产能力低下的主要瓶颈问题，展开技术攻关研究和集成应用示范。据此回答下列问题。

    （1）你认为造成“石漠化”的主要原因是什么？

    （2）防止石漠化的主要方法有哪些？

    【答案】（1）贵州境内石灰岩分布广泛，大部分地区土层较薄，由于不合理的垦殖活动，破坏了原有植被，造成严重的沙土流失，导致基岩大面积裸露而出现石漠化现象。

    （2）生态恢复措施：封山育林、人工种草、草地改良、坡耕地改梯田

    生态工程：实施石漠化综合治理、水土保持等生态工程，以促进区域生态建设，巩固长江、珠江上游的生态屏障。

    【解析】

    据原文中：“石漠化”是指岩石表面的土层长年累月被雨水冲刷，土壤越来越薄，底部的岩石纷纷突出地表而形成名符其实的石山，致使当地耕地面积逐渐减少进行分析判断即可。

    据题目中的：“石漠化”是指岩石表面的土层长年累月被雨水冲刷，土壤越来越薄，底部的岩石纷纷突出地表而形成名符其实的石山，致使当地耕地面积逐渐减少可知，造成石漠化的原因是：植被受破坏，造成水土流失；防止石漠化可以有生态恢复措施及生态工程措施，生态恢复措施：封山育林、人工种草、草地改良、坡耕地改梯田；生态工程：实施石漠化综合治理、水土保持等生态工程，以促进区域生态建设，巩固长江、珠江上游的生态屏障。

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