【题目】比较法是学习区域地理常用的方法之一。从以下三个国家中任选两个,对其自然地理特征加以比较,将异同点填到下面横线上。
(1)你认为描述一个国家的自然地理特征,应包含哪几方面?(至少三点)。
(2)你要选择哪两个国家进行比较 (填写字母和国名),这两个国家在自然地理特征上的相同点:(至少两点) ; 。不同点:(至少两点) ; 。
【答案】(1) 位置、地形、气候、河流等
(2)任选两个字母(略)相同点如下表:
ab | ac | bc | |
地形 | 高原面积较大,平原分布在中间,都有山地、平原、高原 | 高原面积大并分布于南部 | 以高原为主 |
气候 | 都有热带沙漠气候 | 都以热带气候为主 | 都有热带草原气候 |
河流 | 河流沿岸农业发达,都流入印度洋 | 流向相同,流经平原地区 | 都是本国最大河流 |
不同点如下表:(2分)
地形 | 气候 | 河流 | |
a | 高原、平原、山地南北分布 | 典型的热带季风气候 | 流向东部 |
b | 西部高原、东部山地 | 以热带、亚热带沙漠草原气候为主 | 河流较短 |
c | 北部平原、南部高原 | 以热带草原和热带雨林气候为主 | 世界上最大的河流,流入大西洋 |
(以上答案仅供参考,其他答案酌情处理)
【解析】
从图上可以判断出a为印度,b为澳大利亚,c为巴西。通常的自然地理特征包括位置、地形、气候和河流等各个方面。三个国家地形上都有平原和高原,但在具体的方位分布上有所不同,比如印度和巴西的高原分布于南部地区,而澳大利亚主要分布于西部;气候上三国都是以热带为主,但降水量不同,印度是典型的季风气候,澳大利亚以沙漠草原气候为主,而巴西则以草原雨林为主。河流方面,图示三国的河流中,印度流向东部,澳大利亚河流较短,巴西的亚马孙河则是世界上最大的河流,流入大西洋。
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