【题目】请为下列货物的运输选择最合适的运输方式。
（______）①1000吨煤炭从大同运到秦皇岛 A.公路运输
（______）②300箱啤酒从酒厂运到市区 B.航空运输
（______）③5箱贵重药品从上海运输到乌鲁木齐 C.水路运输
（______）④200万吨海盐从天津运输到福州 D.铁路运输
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【题目】 Knowing how to communicate well needs very personal attention between you and another person, and we should face it. Is there a better way to learn how to communicate successfully? Yes, there is. Please follow the basic steps below.
Relax and breathe.
Whether it's a business meeting or a first date, the first thing you must do in order to communicate is to relax.
When you relax, you are in control. You control your reactions(反应) and your reactions do not control you. Breathing is central to relaxation. Take a few deep breaths and your body will begin to be more relaxed. This will help use what you have already known about how to communicate well.
Think and you will be prepared.
Have you heard the old saying, “Think before you speak.”？ Well, it rings true. By thinking ahead about how the conversation might flow(流畅), you will be better prepared, more relaxed and more confident.
Follow the flow of the conversation.
If you are uncomfortable, being silent will only make it worse and make the other person uncomfortable as well. So when all else fails, you should follow through with small talks until a common topic appears.
A good way to keep a conversation going is to ask the other person questions. People love to talk about themselves and if you do this, they will keep the conversation going, thinking very highly of you. Learning_good_communication_skills_is_not_something_out_of_reach. If you make an effort, you will succeed.
【1】题判断正误(“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误)
You need to relax when there is a business meeting. （ ）
【2】完成句子
Take________________ and be more relaxed will help you communicate well.
【3】简略回答问题：What will happen if you keep silent when you are uncomfortable?
_________________________________________________
【4】简略概括文章的主旨大意
The passage mainly talks about __________________________________________.
【5】将文中画线句子译成汉语。
_________________________________________________
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科目：初中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】 Reading is fun. When you read, would you like a paper book or an ebook(电子书)? Some people choose ebooks, some love paper books, and others prefer reading both.
Li Ming, a university professor(教授), is busy doing some research. So he is often on business. When he is at the airport or on the train, he especially loves reading ebooks. He also likes reading paper books in the library for his research work. Besides, he enjoys the smell of the paper books.
What's more, Li Ming would like to read with his family. There is a reading time from 8：00 to 9：00 each Friday evening at home. Everyone reads and shares what they learn from the books. One Friday evening, grandma took out an old paper book and said to her grandson, “Lei Lei, this is the first book your grandpa gave me. There is his name on the front page. Whenever_I_read_it,_I_can_get_something_new_from_his_notes. And I can still remember the happy life we lived together.” Lei Lei said, “But I enjoy reading ebooks. Ebooks need no paper. Many forests will be saved.” Grandma advised, “Don't read for a long time, or your eyes will get sore.”
Different people have different ideas about ebooks and paper books. No one knows whether ebooks can replace(代替) paper books or not. Somehow, books are our friends. No matter which kind of books you choose to read, you can learn more about the world through them.
1题完成句子；2～3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下最后一段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
【1】Li Ming especially loves reading ebooks when he is _________ or on the train.
【2】When is the reading time in Li Ming's family?
_____________________________________________________
【3】What does the old paper book mean to Lei Lei's grandma?
_________________________________________________________
【4】__________________________________________________
【5】__________________________________________________
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【题目】 万多年前,多利亚港附近地域是大陆山脉的延伸部分,后来由于山体断裂下沉与海水的入侵香港岛与陆地（今天的九龙半岛）分离，形成今天的维多利亚港湾，维多利亚地处香港岛与九龙丰岛之间,港水深,自然条件得天独厚,可以停泊远洋巨轮。维多利亚港有三个主要出入水道,是进入香港的门户。香港亦因其而拥有“东方之珠“之美誉。摇此完成下面小题。
【1】下列属于维多利亚港发展海上贸易优势条件的是（ ）
①山体断裂下沉与海水的入侵形成的②港阔水深,利于巨轮停泊③有三个主要出入水道,是进入香港的门户④是香港和祖国大陆联系的唯一通道
A.②④B.②③C.③④D.①④
【2】香港是世界著名的自由港维多利亚港深刻影响着香港经济的繁荣与发展。香港的主导产业是（ ）
A.农牧业B.制造业C.博彩旅游业D.对外贸易
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科目：初中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】 Lonnie Johnson always loved taking things apart(分开). He sometimes put them back together. Other【1】(time) he made new things from different parts. He learned h【2】 to use tools from his dad.
At 13, Lonnie put an old engine(发动机) on a homemade gocart. He loved driving it around. He dreamed of being 【3】 inventor. By high school, Lonnie built a remotecontrol robot from some waste things. This won him【4】(one) prize at the Alabama State Science Fair. His friends called 【5】(he) “The Little Scientist.” In college, Lonnie was an excellent student. After that, he 【6】(become) an Air Force officer, rocket scientist and business leader. 【7】 he never stopped inventing. You may have played with his most famous invention — the Super Soaker, a kind of water gun. Lonnie got the idea for this toy while working o【8】 another invention. When he tested a homemade part in his bathroom, it shot water across the room.
Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 【9】(use) inventions. However, he still keeps 【10】(try) new things.
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【题目】 假如你是李华,你们班正在围绕“Saving the Earth”这一话题展开讨论。请你根据以下提示和要求写一篇短文,谈谈如何保护地球。
提示：
(1)Choose the public transportation.
(2)Protect drinking water.
(3)Stop cutting down forests.
要求：
(1)短文须包含所有提示内容,可适当发挥。
(2)短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
(3)词数80个左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
Nowadays, all kinds of pollution are destroying the environment. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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【题目】 Chinese buyers used to prize foreign brands, thinking that products made by American or European companies are of higher quality(质量) than Chinese ones. Increasingly, that's no longer the case.
Chinese people born before 1985 generally think that foreign brands are better than Chinese ones, billionaire William Li told Business Insider during a recent interview on CCTV 9. But_for_those_who_were_born_after_1985,_it_is_a_different_picture.
“When I first went to the United Kingdom in 1997, I thought that the difference between China and Europe was quite big,” Li said. “But for those born in the 1990s, when they visit Europe or the US, they do not think there is a big difference.”
The change in thinking among Chinese buyers is showing up in many markets in China where western companies used to control. A study by Credit Suisse published in March found that young Chinese buyers are increasingly showing a “home brand bias”.
More than 90% of young Chinese buyers would prefer to buy home appliance brands, according to the study. Meanwhile, home companies producing food, drinks, or personal care products increased their share of the market by 3.3% over the last ten years to nearly 70%.
“Chinese buyers, especially the younger ones, don't just believe that foreign brands are better. Right now, Chinese buyers think China is good and ‘Made in China' is not bad at all,” Charlie Chen, head of China buyer research at Credit Suisse, told South China Morning Post in March.
The Chinese smartphone market is controlled by home companies——Huawei, Oppo, Vivo, and Xiaomi. Apple is the only foreign brand in the top five, but it has lost large ground to the home brands in recent years. Its market share is believed to be down to 37% from 2015 high of 54%.
【1】完成句子Chinese people used to ________________ and think foreign products are better than Chinese ones.
【2】简略回答问题Who are increasingly showing a“home brand bias”in the study by Credit Suisse?
________________________________________________________________________
【3】简略回答问题What do Chinese buyers prefer now according to the text?
________________________________________________________________________
【4】用英语简要概括出文章的主旨大意。The passage is mainly about ________________________________________________________________________.
【5】将文中画线句子译成汉语。________________________________________________________________________
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科目：初中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】现代文阅读（本题满分15分）
烽火台的诉说
①人类为了生存下去，就需要共同抵御洪水、野兽等灾害和天敌，这时就少不了彼此沟通和协作。在远古时期，由于没有文字，人们之间的信息交流主要是靠声音和肢体语言；在我国的殷商时期，出现了“击鼓传声”的通信方式；后来人们开始兴建烽火台，出现了用火光和烟雾传递信息的办法。
②今天，人们在游览雄伟壮观的万里长城时，依然可以看到修建在制高点上、形似碉堡的方形建筑，那就是烽火台。不过，烽火台的历史要比长城还要久远。
③一般来说，我国历史上的烽火台是在西周时期出现的。据史料记载，在周朝时，中央与各诸侯国都在边疆或通往边疆的道路上每隔一定距离就修筑一座烽火台。烽火台上堆满了柴草，哨兵一旦发现有外族入侵，便点燃柴草以烽火报警。各路诸侯见到后，就会派兵前来接应，同御外敌。
④说到这里，很多人都会想起《东周列国志》中一个很有名的故事——烽火戏诸侯。故事片说的是荒淫无度的周幽王自从得到美人褒姒之后，便整天想尽办法来博得褒姒开心一笑，可美人一直无动于 （zhōng）。有个近臣献计说，当年先王为了防备西戎入侵，在骊山之巅建有20余处烽火台，每当有贼寇侵犯时，烽火台便点火示警，火光、烟雾直冲霄汉，甚为壮观。附近诸侯见此情景，无不发兵相救。这些年为，天下太平，已多年不见烽火点燃，如果君王偕王后同游骊山，夜举烽火，这时诸侯援兵必至，至而无寇，王后必笑无疑。昏庸的幽王居然听从了这位近臣的馊主意，其下场我们也都知道了，周幽王命丧西戎刀下，褒姒也在劫难逃。西周从此走向了灭亡之路。
⑤西周的灭亡并不意味着以烽火通报军情的历史就经终结。相反，到了汉代，烽火台的建设规模更大了，使用规则也进一步完备了。用土木筑成的被称为“烽燧”的烽火台，在边陲重镇和交通要道上随处可见。今天，在新疆库车县境内，还留存着一座汉代烽燧，其雄伟的气势可使我们约略窥见当时烽火通信的盛状。那时，烽火台的使用也有了较为完备的规则。白天发现有外敌入侵时，哨兵就在烽燧上燃起柴草或狼粪，其烟直上不散，远远地就能被人看见，人们称之为“狼烟”或“烽烟”；夜间则点燃柴草，以火光报警。点燃的烽火还可以悄悄告诉你一些简单的信息：放一道烽火，表示入侵者在500人以下；放两道烽火，则表示入侵者在500人以上。
⑥在古代，烽火总是与战争联系在一起，烽火出现，便意味着战争来临。南朝吴均有诗句“羽檄起边庭，烽火乱如萤”，大意是说军情文书从边疆传来，报警的烽火像萤火虫一样乱飞；唐代大诗人杜甫的《春望》中也有“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”的名句。这些都是当时紧张气氛的生动写照。
⑦之所以在战争中使用烽火，是因为它传递信息的速度很快。汉武帝时，大将卫青和霍去病率大军出征匈奴时，就以烽火作为进军信号。据《汉书》记载，仅一天时间，烽火信号便可以从当时的河西（今甘肃省）传到辽东，途经千余里。
⑧用烽火报警的通信方式一直延续了多个朝代，直至清朝末年。随着电报、电话等现代通信方式的出现，古老的烽火通信终于销声匿迹，退出了历史舞台。（取材于陈芳烈的作品）
【1】根据拼音，在田字格中正确、规范、美观地填写汉字，并解释这个词语。（2分）
无动于zhōng
释义：
【2】结合全文，简要说说我国“烽火通信”方式从出现到消亡的过程。（3分）
【3】第⑤段和第⑦段中两个加点的词语分别体现出说明文语言的什么特点？请加以分析。（4分）
⑴悄悄告诉：
⑵据《汉书》记载：
【4】第⑥段和第⑦段的顺序能否调换？为什么？请结合其内容加以分析。（3分）
【5】作者在说明过程中或讲述故事，或引用诗句，请任选一个方面，请举例分析其作用。（3分）
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科目：初中地理 来源： 题型：
【题目】（12分）观察漫画，“看到一位老人跌倒在身边，你扶还是不扶？”这一问题引发了全民大讨论，如今这个问题让不少人陷入纠结。经大讨论后，很多专家学者及普通市民都认为应该要扶。结合所学知识，从道德和法律角度谈谈“扶”的理由。
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