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【题目】某兴趣小组利用家中的材料研究影响物质溶解性的因素,实验步骤设计如下:

.称取六份冰糖和一份食盐,每10g为一份,并将其中五份冰糖研磨成粉末.

.按照下表进行实验(实验所需仪器略)

第一组

第二组

第三组

第四组

实验温度

20

20

20

20

20

20

80

固体种类

冰糖

冰糖

冰糖粉末

冰糖块状

冰糖

食盐

冰糖

固体质量

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

溶剂种类

植物油

溶剂质量

50g

50g

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

请你对他们的实验设计进行分析:

(1)根据上述设计,你认为他们准备研究的影响因素是________________________________,其中不影响物质溶解性的因素是________________________________________.

(2)根据第四组实验与前三组实验的比较,你可以得到的结论是________________________.

(3)你认为第四组实验的设计是否会影响实验结论的得出,请简述理由:________________________________________________________________.

【答案】(1)固体种类、溶质颗粒的大小、温度、溶剂种类、溶剂质量 溶质颗粒的大小、溶剂质量

(2)温度升高溶解速率加快

(3)不会影响,第四组可以与第二组或第三组中的冰糖溶解情况进行比较

【解析】(1)通过对实验设计表格的分析,重点是观察四组实验的条件发现探究的问题,主要有温度的改变,物质种类的改变,溶质状态的改变,溶剂质量的改变等,由于物质的溶解性是物质本身的一种属性,不受外界干扰,所以溶质的状态、溶剂的质量对物质溶解性无影响.

(2)物质由块状改为粉末状,会加快同一物质的溶解速率,使实验时间变短.

(3)第四组实验相对于第二组和第三组,主要是温度的改变,不会影响结论的得出.

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