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    【题目】某国家2016年年初共有人口500万人，该年内出生并成活的婴儿4.85万人，死亡人口5.2万人．据此回答下面小题．

    【1】该国2016年的人口自然增长率为（　　）

    A. 20.1%B. ﹣0.07%C. ﹣0.7%D. 9.7%

    【2】目前该国面临的人口问题可能是（　　）

    A. 人口增长过快，就业压力过大

    B. 环境恶化，住房紧张

    C. 劳动力短缺

    D. 劳动力过剩

    【答案】

    【1】B

    【2】C

    【解析】

    人口的自然增长主要是由出生率和死亡率决定的。人口自然增长率与经济发展水平有密切联系。近几十年来，随着生活和医疗水平的提高，婴儿死亡率逐渐降低，人的寿命不断延长。这样就促使世界人口迅速增长；一般来说，经济发展水平高的国家，人口的自然增长较慢；经济发展水平低的国家，人口的自然增长较快，进行分析解答。

    【1】自然增长率是指一年内一定地区的自然增长人口（出生人数减死亡人数）与总人口之比．自然增长率=出生率﹣死亡率= ×100%﹣× ×100%=﹣0.07%。故选：B。

    【2】人口的自然增长主要是由出生率和死亡率决定的。题中某国家该年内出生并成活婴儿4.85万人，死亡人口5.2万人．说明人口出现了负增长现象。在欧洲的一些国家，比如意大利、德国和瑞典，近些年来人口一直处于负增长状态，已引起劳动力短缺、人口老龄化等问题。故选：C。

    考查人口自然增长率的计算和人口问题。

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