【题目】目前，我国为保护棉农利益，控制国际棉花进口，国内的棉花价格约比国际市场高1/3；我国纺织行业工人工资一般为美国的1/4，是越南、巴基斯坦等国的3倍。我国一些纺织企业为利用国际市场棉花，在国外建纺纱厂，并将产品（纱线）运回国内加工，在我国同行业企业纷纷到越南、巴基斯坦等国建厂的情况下，总部位于杭州的K企业独自在美国建纺纱厂。2015年4月底，K企业在美国工厂生产的第一批110吨纱线运至杭州。据此完成下面小题。
【1】如果K企业将纺纱厂建在越南/巴基斯坦等国，利润比建在美国高，最主要的原因是越南/巴基斯坦等国
A. 离原料产地较近 B. 离消费市场较近 C. 劳动生产率较高 D. 劳动力价格较低
【2】K企业舍弃越南、巴基斯坦等国而选择在美国建纺纱厂，考虑的主要因素可能是
A. 原料价格 B. 劳动力价格 C. 投资环境 D. 市场需求
【3】该案例表明，随着工业技术水平的提高，我国纺纱业已大幅度降低了
A. 原料使用量 B. 劳动力使用量 C. 运输量 D. 设备费用
【答案】
【1】D
【2】C
【3】B
【解析】
【1】纺纱厂是劳动力导向性产业，在生产成本中劳动力投入（即工资）所占比重大；结合材料中“我国纺织行业工人工资一般为美国1/4，是越南/巴基斯坦等国的3倍”可知，该企业将纺纱厂建在越南、巴基斯坦等国利润比建在美国高，说明主要原因是在越南或者巴基斯坦建厂，劳动力价格较低，故选D。
【2】美国棉花生产高度机械化，投入高，成本高，排除A；“我国纺织行业工人工资一般为美国的1/4，是越南/巴基斯坦等国的3倍”，说明越南、巴基斯坦等国的劳动力价格远低于美国，排除B；从材料可知，我国在国外建纺纱厂的市场主要是我国，排除D。和越南/巴基斯坦等国相比，美国的政策、基础设施等投资环境更优，故选C。
【3】由上述分析可知，由国内向越南、巴基斯坦等国转移主要是为了降低劳动力成本，而美国劳动力成本远远高出我国，国内企业仍向美国转移，说明我国纺纱业已减少对压力数量的依赖。
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