【题目】【观察现象】读图,回答问题。
(1)当地球运动到上图中的A处时,太阳直射在_______(纬线)上;当地球运动在上图中C和D位置之间时,泰安市昼夜长短情况是____________________。
(2)泰安市某学校的小明同学在探究学习活动中,分别在上图的四个节气当天正午时刻测量学校旗杆影子长度,并运用地图的有关知识绘制出了下左图和下右图。据图回答问题。
小明学校的教学楼位于旗杆的______方向;下右图中甲、乙、丙、丁四幅旗杆影子示意图,为冬至日观测到的是___幅;6月14日学业水平考试时,小明学校的旗杆影子长度最接近_____幅,此时,地球应运动在上图①、②、③、④段中的_____段。
【答案】(1)赤道(0°) 昼短夜长
(2)西 甲 丁 ①
【解析】试题分析:
(1)从地球公转轨道图可以看出,当地球公转到A处时,太阳直射赤道,为北半球的春分日,此时全球昼夜等长;当地球公转到C处时,太阳直射赤道,为北半球的秋分日,此时全球昼夜等长;当地球公转到D处时,太阳直射南回归线,为北半球的冬至日,此时北半球白昼最短黑夜最长;当地球运动到C和D位置之间时,太阳直射点位于南半球,此时泰安市昼短夜长。
(2)从下左图可以看出,根据指向标定向法可知:学校的教学楼位于旗杆的正西方向;冬至日时,北半球的太阳高度角最小,其影子最长,所以甲、乙、丙、丁四幅旗杆影子示意图可知,观测到的是甲幅;6月14日初中学业考试时,接近夏至日,北半球的太阳高度角较大,其影子较短,所以小明学校的旗杆影子长度最接近丁幅;此时地球应运动在上图中的①段。
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