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【题目】读材料,完成下列问题。

一艘轮船从赤道地区开往北冰洋。船员的日记上记载着如下内容:①赤道地区终年如夏,只有夜晚和雨后,气温才略有降低。全年多雨,年降水量达2 000毫米左右,植物长得高大茂密。②几内亚湾以内,气温虽然还很高,但降水却减少,而且季节分配极不均匀,分为明显的干湿两季。干季来临,植物因缺水而枯黄,草原上冷落萧条;湿季时,草高树绿,一片生机。③北回归线附近,降水更加稀少,有的地方甚至全年都很少下雨,到处是荒凉的沙丘和裸露的岩石。④船到地中海附近,这里冬季温和多雨,夏季炎热干燥,到处生长着油橄榄和柑橘、柠檬、葡萄等亚热带果树……

(1)判断材料中数字标注部分所描述的气候类型:

__________,②__________,③_____________,④__________

(2)材料所描述的气候类型中,属于热带类型且全年降水很少的是________(填数字代号)。

【答案】热带雨林气候 热带疏林草原气候 热带沙漠气候 地中海气候

【解析】

整体该题以读材料为切入点,考查的是世界气候类型名称、分布和气候特点,要求学生具有较强的逻辑推理能力。

(1)读材料可知,属于热带雨林气候;②属于热带疏林草原气候;③属于热带沙漠气候;④在地中海沿岸属于地中海气候

(2)读材料可知,材料所描述的气候类型主要有热带雨林气候热带疏林草原气候热带沙漠气候地中海气候属于热带类型且全年降水很少的是热带沙漠气候,故代号选③。

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