T【4】 find out, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, two robot explorers(探测器), or ‘rovers’， called Spirit and Opportunity were sent to look for【5】(sign) of water. These rovers can drive over rocks 【6】 all kinds of rough ground. They can also use cameras and send photos back to Earth. 【7】(one), the two rovers found chemicals and patterns(图纹) in the rocks that were probably 【8】(make) by water. Then, they moved to another area and found other rocks w【9】 may have been created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on the planet long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was life on Mars. They 【10】(real) need more information to decide. The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions, but they also brought up many new ones.

The kangaroo rat is one of the animals that live in Death Valley. During the day in Death Valley, it gets hotter than 100°F. The kangaroo rat rests all day in a hole in the ground. It covers the hole with grass to keep out the heat. The kangaroo rat comes out at night when it is cooler. This little rat is also very good at conserving(节约) water. It gets all the water it needs from the food it eats. Some kangaroo rats never take a drink of water in their whole lives.

The sun makes the desert sand very hot. Animals, like snakes, get too hot if they lie on the hot sand too long. One snake, called the sidewinder, can solve this problem. When it travels, the sidewinder bends its body into a “W” shape. Then it uses the bottom parts of the “W” like legs and walks sideways (向一侧). That way it touches only a little of the sand at a time, so the hot sand doesn't burn the snake. This strange way of moving is how the sidewinder got its name.

Most of water in the desert is too salty for most animals to drink. All water has some salt in it. As the desert heat dries up pools of water, the salt is left behind. The remaining water in these pools can be much saltier than those in the ocean. One kind of fish, the desert pupfish, can live in these salty pools because it can drink the salt water.

14题完成句子；15、16题简略回答问题；17题用英语简要概括本文的主旨大意；18题将文中画线句子译成汉语。

【1】The animals in Death Valley have ____________ that can help them live there.

【2】Why does the kangaroo rat cover the hole with grass?

________________________________________________________________________

【3】What kind of shape does sidewinder bend itself into?

________________________________________________________________________

【4】The passage mainly tells us about ______________ in Death Valley.

【5】________________________________________________________________________

Lightning strikes happen when ice and water in clouds rub(摩擦) together, and cause atmospheric(大气层的) changes. When this happens, it creates a static charge(静电). Lightning can strike inside the cloud, between two clouds or between a cloud and Earth. It's the last kind of strike that is the most dangerous for humans.

Lightning can be very dangerous. Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it reaches a temperature of 28，000℃. About 1，000 people are hit by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result.

Lightning makes people shocked, and it happens all over the world! Scientists think that there are more than three million lightning strikes every day in the world—that's thirty strikes every second. An American man, Roy Sullivan, who worked in a park, survived from the most lightning strikes. Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times! And he keeps the highest world record.

Lightning is sure not something to play with. When lightning strikes, it's best to stay inside a large building. To stay safe, do not stand under trees, on hills or near water. Also, do not lie down on the ground, or the electricity may go through you and cause a heart problem.

【1】Lightning strikes ________．

A.happen thirty times each day

B.happen when there are big fires

C.can reach a very high temperature

D.can kill all those who work in a park

【2】What does the underlined word “survived” mean in Chinese?

A.幸存B.选择C.遇难D.失忆

【3】How many people hit by lightning die every year in America?

A.About 1, 000 people.

B.About 28, 000 people.

C.About one tenth of people.

D.About one fourth of people.

【4】Where's the safest place to stay when lightning strikes?

A.Under a tree.B.Near a river.C.On the top of a hill.D.Inside a building.

提示:

(1)What do you like to do when you are free?

(2)Why are you interested in these things?

(3)What can you get from them?

要求:

(1)短文须包括所有要点，可适当发挥。

(2)短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

(3)词数80个左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。

I have a lot of things to do in my free time.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

During school terms I could 【2】(free)enjoy modern life—especially the Internet, TV and a phone network. During the winter breaks, however, I was 【3】(throw)back to nearly medieval times(中世纪)—no Internet, no TV or no phone.

To many of 【4】(I)friends, it sounded terrible. 【5】every time the holiday drew nearer, I couldn't wait to go to the French countryside with my parents. Where else could I enjoy the cold and fresh wind in my hair while rushing down a hill on my bike, build tree houses w【6】 my friends in a forest, catch fishes in a river for lunch and play with baby rabbits—all in the same day.

I consider myself lucky to have had such 【7】different experience.

Learning to enjoy myself without 【8】(depend)on computers and other electronic things developed my imagination. I learned many practical 【9】(skill), such as planting trees and building boats. I learned another language and made lifelong friends along the way, too. Even till today, I regard the experiences as a p【10】 of the most valuable things in my life.

I think there are many advantages of going fishing on the bank of a river under some green trees. You can forget the unpleasant things when you are fishing. If you don't try fishing, you will never know what you are missing. Imagine standing on the bank of a river and catching a lot of fish. You should allow the fish to bite the hook(鱼钩)before pulling it up. When you finally catch the fish, you will feel quite happy and excited. You will never have this feeling until you give fishing a try.

Now that your interest is motivated(被激起), you may be thinking that you don't have any idea about how to fish. If that's the case, these tips will help:

Find a good place for fishing.

Read a book about fishing.

Research online.

There are hundreds of websites that will give you instructions on fishing. For example, www.Bigfish. tackle. com has a lot of forums(论坛). There you can share your knowledge about fishing and get helpful advice from other fishermen. And www.fishingforbeginners.com is also a good website. It teaches beginners how to fish. Choose_the_website_you_are_interested_in,_and_enjoy_yourself_by_going_fishing.

【1】完成句子 Fishing is relaxing and can make people go out to

________________________

【2】简略回答问题How will you feel when you finally catch the fish?

________________________________________________________________________

【3】简略回答问题What can beginners learn from the website www.fishingforbeginners.com?

________________________________________________________________________

【4】找出并写下第二段的主题句。________________________________________________________________________

【5】将文中画线句子译成汉语。 ________________________________________________________________________

【1】How many days are there in a Summer Program?

A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.

【2】________ can join the Summer Program.

A.A kid of 7B.A girl of 10

C.A boy of 18D.A man of 22

【3】One member and one nonmember should pay________ for the Summer Program.

A.$230B.$250C.$460D.$480

【4】When will Program B start if there is a rainstorm on August 7, 2018?

A.On August 8.B.On August 9.

C.On September 8.D.On September 9.

提示：

(1)A brief introduction to your hometown.

(2)Things of people do to protect the environment.

(3)Invite Tom to your hometown.

要求：

(1)邮件须包括所有提示内容,可适当发挥。

(2)邮件中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

(3)词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。

Dear Tom,

Thanks for your last letter. You asked me about my hometown. Now let me tell you.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic (遗传的).

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists found that 66 percent of shy children had older brothers and sisters. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play with themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. Scientists found surprising differences about shyness in different countries. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel(以色列), only one of three people said so. What can explain the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends and speak in class. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And_don't_forget—if_you_are_shy,_you_are_not_the_only_one.

【1】完成句子 Many scientists say it is possible to_____________.

【2】完成句子 Scientists found that 66 percent of shy children had________________.

【3】简略回答问题Why do people in Japan and Israel have differences about shyness?

________________________________________________________________________

【4】找出并写下第四段的主题句。________________________________________________________________________

【5】将文中画线句子译成汉语。________________________________________________________________________

“I couldn't make them stop and this wasn't the first time it had happened,” Lisa said.“That day I decided to do_______ about it. I talked to my brother and he said I ought to learn to protect myself. He suggested that I take up judo, so I joined a club._______ I felt uncomfortable at first, it gave me confidence(信心), and I _______ losing weight as I got fitter. I found judo very helpful. When the bullies_______ that I was learning judo, they soon left me alone.”

As time went on, Lisa became so interested in judo that she opened her own _______. Lisa said, “Many young people want to know _______ to protect themselves and judo keeps them fit and builds their confidence. I teach them that judo is an excellent way of protecting themselves, but they mustn't use their________ to start fights or join them. Judo is a form of self protection, and they must use it only when necessary.”

【1】A.thinB.weakC.disabledD.overweight

【2】A.overB.underC.outD.away

【3】A.giveB.callC.beatD.cheat

【4】A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything

【5】A.BecauseB.SinceC.ThoughD.However

【6】A.missedB.startedC.joinedD.played

【7】A.worked outB.thought outC.looked outD.found out

【8】A.clubB.classC.activityD.job

【9】A.whatB.whenC.whereD.how

【10】A.chanceB.talentC.energyD.action