Question

12£®Ð¡¿ÆͬѧÔÚʵÑéÊÒÖÐÖÆÈ¡CO₂ÆøÌåºó£¬¶ÔÒºÌå½øÐкóÐø̽¾¿£¬ËûÏò101.2gº¬CaCl₂ºÍHClµÄÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ10%µÄNa₂CO₃ÈÜÒº£®ÊµÑé¹ý³ÌÖмÓÈëNa₂CO₃ÈÜÒºµÄÖÊÁ¿ÓëÉú³É³Áµí»òÕßÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿¹ØϵÈçͼ1Ëùʾ£»¼ÓÈëNa₂CO₃ÈÜÒºµÄÖÊÁ¿ÓëÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯¹ØϵÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®
£¨1£©Í¼1ÖÐbµãµÄֵΪ¶àÉÙg£¿
£¨2£©Í¼1ÖÐcµãʱ£¬½«·´Ó¦ºóµÄÎïÖʹýÂË£¬ÔòÂËÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ¶àÉÙ£¿
£¨3£©Í¼1ÖÐ0¡úa¶Î·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯Çé¿ö¿ÉÓÃͼ2d¡«h¶ÎÇúÏß±íʾ£®£¨ÒªÇóд³ö1¡¢2СÌâ½âÌâ¹ý³Ì£©

Answer 1

·ÖÎö Ïò101.2gº¬CaCl₂ºÍHClµÄÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ10%µÄNa₂CO₃ÈÜҺʱ£¬Ì¼ËáÄÆÏȺÍÏ¡ÑÎËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄÆ¡¢Ë®ºÍ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬µ±´ïµ½aµãʱ£¬Ì¼ËáÄƺÍÏ¡ÑÎËáÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Éú³É2.2g¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬Ì¼ËáÄÆÔÙºÍÂÈ»¯¸Æ·´Ó¦Éú³É̼Ëá¸Æ³ÁµíºÍÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£¬Éú³É̼Ëá¸ÆµÄÖÊÁ¿ÊÇ5.0g£»
ÂÈ»¯¸ÆÈÜÒºÏÔÖÐÐÔ£¬pH=7£¬Ï¡ÑÎËáÏÔËáÐÔ£¬pH£¼7£®

½â´ð ½â£ºÔÚʵÑéÊÒÖÐÖÆÈ¡CO₂ÆøÌåºó£¬¶ÔÒºÌå½øÐкóÐø̽¾¿£¬ËûÏò101.2gº¬CaCl₂ºÍHClµÄÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ10%µÄNa₂CO₃ÈÜÒº£®ÊµÑé¹ý³ÌÖмÓÈëNa₂CO₃ÈÜÒºµÄÖÊÁ¿ÓëÉú³É³Áµí»òÕßÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿¹ØϵÈçͼ1Ëùʾ£»¼ÓÈëNa₂CO₃ÈÜÒºµÄÖÊÁ¿ÓëÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯¹ØϵÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®
£¨1£©ÉèbµãʱÏûºÄ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy£¬
Na₂CO₃+2HCl¨T2NaCl+H₂O+CO₂¡ü£¬
 106          117      44
  x            y      2.2g
$\frac{106}{x}$=$\frac{117}{y}$=$\frac{44}{2.2g}$£¬
x=5.3g£¬y=5.85g£¬
ͼ1ÖÐbµãÏûºÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º5.3g¡Â10%=53g£¬
´ð£ºÍ¼1ÖÐbµãµÄֵΪ53£®
£¨2£©Éèͼ1ÖÐcµãʱ£¬ºÍÂÈ»¯¸Æ·´Ó¦µÄ̼ËáÄÆÖÊÁ¿Îªm£¬Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªn£¬
 Na₂CO₃+CaCl₂¨TCaCO₃¡ý+2NaCl£¬
  106          100      117
   m           5.0g      n
$\frac{106}{m}$=$\frac{100}{5.0g}$=$\frac{117}{n}$£¬
m=5.3g£¬n=5.85g£¬
ÓÉ£¨1£©ÖмÆËã¿ÉÖª£¬ºÍÂÈ»¯¸Æ·´Ó¦ÏûºÄµÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÊÇ50g£¬
ÂËÒºÖÊÁ¿Îª£º101.2g+53g+53g-2.2g-5.0g=200g£¬
ÂËÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ£º$\frac{5.85g+5.85g}{200g}$¡Á100%=5.85%£¬
´ð£ºÂËÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ5.85%£®
£¨3£©Í¼1ÖÐ0¡úa¶Î·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ï¡ÑÎËá²»¶Ï¼õÉÙ£¬¼îÐÔÔöÇ¿£¬pHÓÉСÓÚ7Ïò½Ó½ü7¿¿½ü£¬Òò´ËÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯Çé¿ö¿ÉÓÃͼ2ÖеÄd¡«h¶ÎÇúÏß±íʾ£®
¹ÊÌd¡«h£®

µãÆÀ 0¡úaÊÇ̼ËáÄƺÍÏ¡ÑÎËá·´Ó¦£¬b¡úcÊÇ̼ËáÄƺÍÂÈ»¯¸Æ·´Ó¦£¬ÕâÊǽâ´ðµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬Òª×¢ÒâÀí½â£®