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科目: 来源: 题型:

现有A、B、C、D四种常见的物质,它们之间有下图所示的转化关系。已知A常温下为液体,A、B两种物质的组成元素完全相同,D是黑色固体。据此推断:

(1)A是___________,B是___________;
(2)写出有关反应的化学方程式:
B→C_______________________________、
D→A_______________________________。

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科目: 来源: 题型:阅读理解

完型填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
"Hey, Tahlia! How's the model?"
I had just taken a bite of my hot dog __21__ I heard a familiar voice yelling at me from across the crowded school yard. I saw a group of popular girls who were all __22__.
"What kind of __23_ are you going to do? An ad for a Frankenstein movie?" More laughter. My stomach twisted into a tight knot. How could they humiliate (羞辱) me like this, __24__ the entire school? As I walked into the cafeteria, I __25__ the dark scars on my right hand.
At 9 months old, I knocked over a tea pot and dumped boiling water allover my hands and stomach. My parents __26__ me to the hospital, but I had to have skin graft (移植) operation. I was in so much pain! But what __27__ me most were the cruel things people said about how I looked, __28__ that day at lunch.
The girls were being supermean to me because they'd heard I was considering doing some modeling. A close friend had suggested that I shouldn't let my scars limit me and that I might __29__ a good model.
But after that __30__ at school, I was sure I'd made a huge mistake. Upon arriving home, I covered the mirror with a blanket, fell on my bed and sobbed.
The next day, I __31__ myself to go to school. At lunch my best friend Jesse tried to encourage me: "You can't __32_ forever, Tahlia. So what if you have a few scars? Just go outside and show them that you're just as good as they are." Although I knew he was right, I couldn’t __33__ standing up for myself like that.
However, that night as I sat on the bed, my friend's words replayed in my mind. I'm __34__ hiding from myself, I thought. How stupid! Slowly, I stood up, walked over to the __35__, and tossed the blanket aside. There, in the mirror I saw a slim, dark-haired, blue-eyed girl, looking just fine, __36__ with a few scars.
The next day I wore a comfortable T-shirt to school. What's more, I had lunch outside the cafeteria, __37__ beside those mean girls. They were shocked that I should dare to walk into their territory. I felt __38_ too—free and happy.
Sometimes people still look at me strangely. They __39_ and stare, but I don't let it get to me. I have applied to several modeling companies, and at least one company is considering me for jobs. Maybe I'll never __40_ posing on the runway, but I do know one thing: I'm done.
【小题1】
A.as B.when C.while D.before
【小题2】
A.applauding B.cheering C.laughing D.quarreling
【小题3】
A.modeling B.writing C.drilling D.acting
【小题4】
A.in spite of B.in view of C.in terms of D.in front of
【小题5】
A.looked into B.searched for C.wondered aboutD.glanced at
【小题6】
A.presented B.sent C.rushedD.handed
【小题7】
A.hurtB.beat C.disappointed D.puzzled
【小题8】
A.for B.like C.on D.after
【小题9】
A.impressB.make C.consult D.defeat
【小题10】
A.effect B.phenomenon C.challenge D.scene
【小题11】
A.forced B.expected C.reminded D.preferred
【小题12】
A.apologize B.beg C.hide D.complain
【小题13】
A.consider B.imagine C.appreciate D.resist
【小题14】
A.hardly B.ever C.even D.gradually
【小题15】
A.blanket B.bed C.chair D.mirror
【小题16】
A.while B.though C.but D.because
【小题17】
A.right B.still C.therefore D.anyhow
【小题18】
A.sensitive B.uncomfortable C.different D.tense
【小题19】
A.compare B.associate C.wave D.whisper
【小题20】
A.give up B.end up C.put up D.set up

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科目: 来源: 题型:

3分)人类的生产和生活离不开金属。
(1)铁生锈的条件是铁与____________________直接接触;
(2)铜制品如果长期暴露在空气中也会生锈。已知铜锈的化学式为Cu2(OH)2CO3,试判断铜生锈除满足铁生锈的上述条件外,还需要空气中的______________;
(3)在生活中经常用一些铝制品代替铁,铝耐腐蚀的原因是__________(选填序号)。
A.铁比铝金属活动性弱
B.铝与氧气反应在其表面生成致密的氧化物保护膜
C.常温下,铝不与稀盐酸、稀硫酸等稀酸溶液反应

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科目: 来源: 题型:

(10分)下表是某同学实验报告的部分内容:
实验序号
反应物甲
反应物乙
实验现象
化学方程式

碳酸钠溶液
氢氧化钙溶液
产生白色沉淀
 

碳酸钾溶液
氯化钙溶液
 
K2CO3 + CaCl2 ="=" 2KCl + CaCO3

碳酸钙
稀盐酸
有气泡产生
 
(1)请在表中的空白处补全有关内容;
(2)表中三个反应都是探究___________的化学性质;
(3)实验①和实验②能发生反应的共同原因是:“反应物甲”中的____________和“反应物乙”中的______________相互结合成_______________;
(4)试举一例说明反应③的实际应用______________________________。

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科目: 来源: 题型:

思思同学总结出酸、碱、盐相互间的反应关系如下图所示。只要选取恰当的反应物,则反应①~反应④均可生成BaSO4

(1)图中的酸是____________,碱是___________;
(2)反应③的化学方程式可能是:_____________________________;
(3)图中四个反应均属于____________反应,发生反应时的共同现象是_________________。

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科目: 来源: 题型:

下图是实验室制取和收集气体的装置图。

(1)小红用高锰酸钾制取氧气,应选用的气体发生装置是________,反应的化学方程式为____________________________________________。若用图E装置收集产生的氧气,应等到____________________________时,再把导气管插入集气瓶口;
(2)小丽用图B装置制取氢气,请指出图中的错误_______________________。收集氢气应选用的装置是________________。

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科目: 来源: 题型:

(4分)下图中的A装置是实验室中集洗气、集气、贮气等于一体的多功能装置。

(1)若用该装置干燥氢气,则瓶内所盛物质是______。实验时,氢气应从________(填“左”或“右”)端的导气管通入;
(2)医院给病人输氧也用到类似图A的装置。氧气由左端导管口通入,而病人的吸气管则与右端导管口相连。你认为该装置的作用是___________________________(写一点即可);
(3)要检查图A装置的气密性,可采用图B所示的装置。当缓慢拉动注射器的活塞时,如果装置气密性良好,可观察到的现象是_______________________________。

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科目: 来源: 题型:

(5分)粗盐是含有较多可溶性杂质(如氯化镁和氯化钙等)和不溶性杂质(如泥沙等)的氯化钠。为提纯粗盐,同学们经过了①蒸发结晶、②溶解、③过滤、④计算产率等步骤。
(1)实验过程中,合理的操作步骤为_______________(用序号填空);
(2)实验过程中使用次数最多的仪器是__________;
(3)经过上述操作得到的精盐属于___________(填“纯净物”或“混合物”);
(4)实验结束后,有4个小组分别展示了计算的精盐产率:
组别
1
2
3
4
精盐产率
91%
69%
73%
75%
老师对各组的评价是:第1组结果偏高,其他组结果都偏低。于是各组分别讨论本组
的误差,所找原因合理的是第___________组。(2分)
第①组:量水时眼睛位置太高,造成俯视
第②组:称量精盐时误将精盐放在右盘
第③组:没有蒸发干,精盐中仍然有水分
第④组:烧杯里的食盐未溶解完就开始过滤

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科目: 来源: 题型:

(10分)做化学实验时,实验台上的药品应分类有序地摆放。在一次化学兴趣小组活动中,实验台上摆放了下列药品,其中一试剂瓶的标签破损(见下图)。

(1)欲比较铜和银的金属活动性强弱,可选用上述药品中的_________进行实验(选填序号);
(2)上述有些药品若敞口放置很容易变质。试举一例,说明变质的原因________________;
(3)同学们欲探究标签破损的药品的成分。
《分析思考》根据药品分类摆放的原则,该药品可能是__________;
A.酸       B.碱      C.盐       D.单质
《作出猜想》①可能是NaOH溶液②可能是Na2CO3溶液③还可能是_____溶液(任写一种)
《设计并实验>
Ⅰ.小明用洁净的玻璃棒蘸取样品溶液滴至经过润湿的pH试纸上,测得pH=10,他判断溶液显碱性。对他的操作方法、测量结果及结论的评价,正确的是_______;
A.方法正确,结果正确,且结论正确  B.方法正确,结果正确,但结论错误
C.方法错误,结果偏小,但结论正确  D.方法错误,结果偏大,但结论正确
Ⅱ.根据以上结果,小明认为原试剂是氢氧化钠溶液,但小俊认为小明的判断错误。你赞同_______的观点,理由是______________________________;
Ⅲ.小强选用图中的试剂,在小明的实验基础上通过进一步的实验确定它是Na2CO3溶液。请你补全小强的实验报告。
选用试剂
实验现象
结论
 
 
原试剂是Na2CO3溶液。
<反思与评价》小伟对小强的结论提出质疑,认为该试剂还可能是_____________溶液。

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(3分)某大型洗衣店的废水经沉淀后直接排放到河流中,使入河口水中的藻类等浮游生物大量繁殖,水呈绿色。
(1)造成这种现象的原因可能是洗衣店排放的废水中含较多的__________元素;
(2)资料显示河水中的藻类的化学式为C xH yO110N16 P 。则该藻类中氮、氧元素的质量比
为___________;
(3)已知该藻类相对分子质量为3550,碳元素的质量分数为35.8%。则式中x的近似值等于___________。

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