甲、乙两物体的质量之比是3:1,吸热之比是4:1,则它们升高温度之比和比热之比可能分别是( )
A.3:4,1:1
B.2:6,2:1
C.3:2,1:2
D.4:1,1:3
【答案】
分析:根据公式Q
吸=cm△t,得出
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/0.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/1.png)
,将题目提供的甲乙两物体的质量关系和吸热关系、各选项提供的甲乙两物体升高温度之比和比热容之比代入上面比例式,进行判断.
解答:解:由题知,m
甲:m
乙=3:1,甲、乙两物体吸收的热量:Q
甲:Q
乙=4:1,
∵Q
吸=cm△t,
∴
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/2.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/3.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/4.png)
,
A、甲乙物体升高温度之比和比热之比为3:4、1:1,则
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/5.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/6.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/7.png)
≠
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/8.png)
,故A错;
B、甲乙物体升高温度之比和比热之比为2:6、2:1,则
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/9.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/10.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/11.png)
≠
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/12.png)
,故B错;
C、甲乙物体升高温度之比和比热之比为3:2、1:2,则
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/13.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/14.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/15.png)
≠
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/16.png)
,故C错;
D、甲乙物体升高温度之比和比热之比为4:1、1:3,则
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/17.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/18.png)
=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic6/res/czwl/web/STSource/201310271351047928482551/SYS201310271351047928482018_DA/19.png)
,故D正确.
故选D.
点评:本题考查物体升高的温度之比和比热容之比,答案不唯一,关键是考查物体吸热公式的灵活运用.