解:(1)W
有=Gh=6000N×0.8m=4800J,
W
总=
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=
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=6000J,
从图中可以看出n=3,则S=3h=3×0.8=2.4m,
F=
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=
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=2500N.
(2)F=
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(G+G
动)
2500N=
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(6000N+G
动)
G
动=1500N.
(3)η=
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×100%
=
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×100%
=
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×100%
≈83%.
答:(1)拉力F为2500N;
(2)动滑轮重为1500N;
(3)若重物增加1500N,则此时滑轮组效率为83%.
分析:(1)首先利用公式W
有=Gh求出有用功,然后利用W
总=
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求出总功;再根据图示读出提升动滑轮绳子的段数n,利用S=nh和F=
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即可求出拉力F;
(2)不计滑轮组摩擦及绳重,则有F=
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(G+G
动)求出动滑轮的重力;
(3)根据η=
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×100%=
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×100%即可求出此时滑轮组的机械效率.
点评:本题考查滑轮组绳子拉力的计算、机械效率的计算,滑轮组的机械效率与动滑轮的重以及被提升的物体的重力有关,因此提高机械效率时我们可以减小动滑轮的重,增加被提升的物体的重.