13.Usually,when your teacher asks a question,there is only one correct answer.But there is one question that has millions of correct answers.That question is"What's your name?"Everyone gives a different answer,but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people's names?Where do they come from?What do they mean?
People's first names,or given names,are chosen by their parents.Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used.Some parents choose the name of a well-known person.A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things.Clara means"bright"; Beatrice means"one who gives happiness"; Donald means"world ruler"; Leonard means"as brave as a lion".
The earliest last names,or surnames,were taken from place names.A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook (小溪); Someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long,paved road.The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people's occupations(职业).The most common occupational name is Smith,which means a person who makes things with iron(铁) or other metals.The ancestors(祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors.The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin,or their size,or their special abilities.When there were two men who were named John in the same village,the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray.Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman.John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name.English-speaking people added-s or-son.The Johnsons are descendants(后裔) of John; Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O.Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
48.According to the passage,agirlis namedHelen Keller Jones becauseC.
A.her family live near Helen Keller
B.she loves Helen Keller
C.her parents admire Helen Keller
D.she looks like Helen Keller
49.An English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest,their family name is probablyD.
A.Smith
B.Carter
C.Longstreet
D.Greenwood
50.The surnames in the passage do NOT coverB.
A.places where people lived
B.people's education
C.talents that people owned
D.people's occupations
51.According to the passage,Jack Speaker is probablyD.
A.a person whorunsfast
B.a person who listens more
C.a person who hasblack hair
D.a person who is talkative.
分析 全文大意:
这篇短文中作者告诉了我们西方人人的名和姓是从哪里来的.有什么意义.通过阅读这篇短文我们可以知道,一些人的名字是祖父母或其他家庭成员用过的.一些人的名字来源于一些名人,一些父母给孩子取的名字代表美好事物.最早的姓跟他们住的地方有关,其他的姓还有的跟他们祖先从事的职业有关.甚至我们还能从人们的名字上知道这个人头发、皮肤的颜色、体型、特殊能力等.还有些人的姓是在父亲名字的后面加上一些东西变来的.
解答 答案:
48.C 推理判断题 根据第三段Some parents choose the name of a well-known person.A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones..一些父母给孩子取名人的名字,男孩可能被取名为乔治华盛顿史密斯,女孩可能被取名为海伦凯勒琼斯,结合题目一个女孩被取名为海伦凯勒琼斯可推知她的父母崇拜海伦凯勒,故选C.
49.D 细节理解题 根据第五段The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.可知Greenwood家族住在茂密的森林里或森林附近.结合题目An English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest,their family name is probably一对英国夫妇他们的祖先住在茂密的森林附近他们的姓可能是Greenwood,故选D.
50.B 细节理解题 根据最后三段可知姓跟他们住的地方有关,跟他们祖先从事的职业有关.甚至与这个人头发、皮肤的颜色、体型、特殊能力有关.还有些人的姓是在父亲名字的后面加上一些东西变来的,短文中并没有提到姓与人受的教育有关,故选B.
51.D 推理判断题 Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin,or their size,or their special abilities.有时一些人被人所知道是因为头发、皮肤的颜色、体型、特殊能力等.例如有着灰色头发的John可能被叫做 John Gray,个子高的John被叫做 John Tallman.John Fish 有可能是游泳高手.John Lightfoot 有可能是跑步特别快的人或跳舞特别好的人. 结合题目Jack Speaker可推知有可能是一个爱说话的人.故选D.
点评 本文讲述了西方人姓和名是根据什么来的表达了什么意义.本文内容比较简单,集中考查细节和推理判断,在阅读时注意关键的细节内容,做好标志,以提高阅读的效率.答题前一定要读懂全文,一定要注意体会重要线索,然后带着问题,再读全文,找出答题所需要的依据,完成阅读.