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— Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m.? — In fact we ___. The train ____ until 10 a.m.

A. mustn’t; doesn’t leave B. mustn’t; leaves

C. needn’t; won’t leave D. needn’t; will leave

C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:—我们早上8点在车站见面吗?—事实上我们不必,火车直到10点才离开。根据句意第一空是不必,而mustn’t是不准的意思,排除A、B;“直到……才……”是“not...until...”,所以选C。

考点:考查情态动词及固定搭配的用法

考点分析: 考点1:动词时态 时态是一种语法范畴,是用表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。 时间有四个主要部分,即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种,即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。将这些时间与动作方面组合在一起,即构成16种时态。 (一) 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。  1、 一般现在时的用法  1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。  2.一般现在时的用法   1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作 2)表示过去经常发生的动作 ,也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 3.一般将来时的用法  1)一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 2)“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 3) “be about to  + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作,意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。 4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。 5) 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。 4.现在进行时的用法   1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be + 现在分词” 构成。另外, “系动词 + 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。 2) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词(如have, be , here, se, like 等 ) 一般不用进行。 5.过去进行时的用法   1) 过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,由 “ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。 6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由 “have + 过去分词其使用有两种情况:   1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。 2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去常用 for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。 3)现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。 7.过去完成时的用法   1) 过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。 2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。 8.过去将来时的用法  过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 9.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时由 “ have (has)+ been + 现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直进行的动作。 考点2:情态动词 初中英语情态动词用法详解
【情态动词知识梳理】
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
考点一:can,may,must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法:
1. can的用法:
(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may和must均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
(2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary.  你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。如:Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗?—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
2. could的用法:
(1).can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
(2). could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗?—Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)
3. may的用法:
(1).表示请求、许可,比can正式,如:May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。
(2) .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might,表示推测时。可能性低于may。如:He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如:May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福!May you succeed!祝你成功!
4. must的用法:
(1).must表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗?
(2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要” “千万别” “禁止,不许”.如:You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late.你一定不要迟到。
(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如:—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。
 (4)must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。
注意其反意问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need的用法:
(1).need表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。如:—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t /don’t have to.不,你不必。
(2).need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如:I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点:
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。
6. dare的用法:dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性:
(1)dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me?我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?
(2)dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。
 注意:在口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如:Do you dare tell her what I said?
你敢告诉她我说的话吗?I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他。
7. shall的用法:
shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称),如:Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗?
在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。
(1).用“Let's do...”来提出建议。如:Let's go for a walk after supper.
(2).用“What/How about...?”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing形式。如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?
(3).用“Why not...?”来提出建议,表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?
(4).用“Would you like...?”来提出建议,意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如:Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?
因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we go for a swim? Let's go for a swim,shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim?
8. should的用法:
(1).should意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。
(2)Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如:You should have finished your homework.
你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)
9. will的用法:
will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。
注意:
1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。
2、will与be going to do something区别:
①. be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
②. be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.   He will be twenty years old.
③. be going to含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will则没有这个意思,如:She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
④.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用will,如:If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
10. had better的用法:
  had better意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。如:
We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。
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