The Oxford English Dictionary (OED, 牛津英语词典) is thinking of adding the Chinese word tuhao (土豪) to its 2014 edition (版本).
The word has become popular in China during the past few months to describe newly rich people who spend money in extravagant（铺张的，浪费的）ways. Tuhao has caught on in Western countries, too, to describe similar people in their countries.
The adoption (采用) of the word by foreign countries is an example of China’s spreading influence in the world not just economically, but also socially and culturally. People are paying attention to what is happening in China and are picking up some Chinese words in the process, especially those words that express unique (独特的) Chinese ideas that cannot be easily translated (翻译) into English.
The OED is also thinking of adding hukou (户口) and dama (大妈) to the already 120 Chinese words in its dictionary. Hukou refers to (指的是) China’s system of residency permits (户籍系统) and dama refers to middle-aged Chinese women whose gold buying habits influence the global gold markets. The news that the OED was adding these words has met with some criticism (批评). Some people say the words embarrass (使人尴尬) China, but others insist that in a globalized (全球化的) society it’s natural for words to spread and be adopted elsewhere. In fact, a word like tuhao expresses the humor of China. It’s easy to pronounce (发音) and very accurate (精准的) at poking fun at (嘲弄) rich people who have more money than taste.
【小题1】_____ may be adopted in the Oxford English Dictionary in 2014 according to the passage.
| A．Tuhao | B．Hukou | C．Dama | D．All above |
| A．All newly rich people |
| B．People who own their money easily |
| C．People who love money very much |
| D．Newly rich people who spend money in an extravagant way |
| A．流行 | B．继续 | C．接受 | D．蔓延 |
| A．humor of Chinese style |
| B．criticism on the adoption of Chinese words into OED |
| C．support on the adoption of Chinese words into OED |
| D．different opinions on the adoption of Chinese words into OED |
【小题1】D
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】D
解析试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述中国当今一些流行词汇正在考虑被纳入2014牛津词典当中。比如土豪、户口、大妈这样的词，但是关于这些词意还有一些争议。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据文章第一段The Oxford English Dictionary (OED, 牛津英语词典) is thinking of adding the Chinese word tuhao (土豪) to its 2014 edition (版本).和第四段第一行The OED is also thinking of adding hukou (户口) and dama (大妈) to the already 120 Chinese words in its dictionary.可知，土豪、户口和大妈这三个词都可能会被纳入2014版牛津词典。故选D。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据第二段第一行The word has become popular in China during the past few months to describe newly rich people who spend money in extravagant（铺张的，浪费的）ways.可知，土豪是形容那些暴富的人花钱铺张浪费。故选D。
【小题3】词义猜测题。根据Tuhao has caught on in Western countries, too, to describe similar people in their countries.这一句中的too，可知是承接上一句话。上句说：土豪一词在中国很流行。故选A。
【小题4】段落大意题。最后一段主要讲述不同人对于“户口”和“大妈”这两个词的不同观点。故选D。
考点：社会现象类短文阅读。
科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Mobile phones help us easily find people anywhere at any time. A mobile phone can include many things, such as games, music and Internet surfing. Today, 4,600,000,000 people around the world have mobile phones, according to CBS News.
However, using mobile phones too often may cause cancer(癌症). It’s reported that people who used a mobile phone for 10 years or more were more likely to get cancer. The advice below may help you reduce the risk of cancer:
★An earphone gives out much less radiation(辐射) than phones. However, you should take it off your ear when you’re not talking to anyone.
★Your phone gives out radiation when you talk or text(发短信), but not when you’re listening or getting messages. Listening more and talking less can lower the risk of cancer.
★Hold the phone away from your body when you’re talking, not against your ear. Also, don’t keep it in your pocket.
★Phones gives out less radiation to send texts than to carry a person’s voice. Texting also keeps radiation away from your head.
★Do not use your mobile phone when the signal(信号) is weak. Fewer signal bars on your phone mean that the phone needs to give out more radiation to work. Make and take calls when your phone has a strong signal.
【小题1】According to CBS News, _____ people all over the world have got mobile phones.
| A．4.6 million | B．4.6 billion |
| C．46 billion | D．460 thousand |
| A．mobile phones have three new ways |
| B．it’s dangerous to use mobile phones too much |
| C．mobile phones help us a lot and many people use them |
| D．people can do nothing without mobile phones |
| A．Six. | B．Five. |
| C．Four. | D．Three. |
| A．the development and advantages of mobile phones |
| B．the reason why mobile phone radiation causes cancer |
| C．how to protect ourselves from mobile phone radiation |
| D．the best ways to use mobile phones to communicate |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Millions of British people have ditched the traditional “thank you” and took the place of it with the less formal “cheers”, according to a survey.
Although the common person will say “thank you” nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three are more likely to add a “cheers” or “ta” where it’s needed to show they are fashionable.
One in twenty now say “nice one” instead, while the younger are more likely to offer a “cool” than a “thank you”.
“Merci”, “fab” and even “gracias” were also listed as common phrases to use, as “much appreciated(感激)”.
One in twenty who took part in the survey of 2,000 people by the Food Network UK for Thank You Day, which is marked on November 24, 2011, said a formal “thank you” was now not often needed in everyday conversation. More than one in ten adults said they regularly won’t say thank you if they are in a bad mood. Most people stated that saying thank you was something that their parents trained them. A huge 70 percent of those questioned will say thank you to a person’s face without even meaning it, while one fifth avoid(避免)saying it when they know they should.
It seems our friends and family get the stress of our bad manners. Half of them admit (承认) they’re not good at thanking those closest to them. Many of them explain that they don’t say thank you because their family “already know I’m grateful”.
When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people.
One third will still send a handwritten thank-you note---but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they tried to send one.
A quarter of British people say “thank you” with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake.
It follows that 85 percent of people will be angry because of not getting the gratitude (感激)
they feel they should receive.
【小题1】Most of the people who took part in the survey say that they say “thank you” _______.
| A．when they are in good mood | B．completely out of habit |
| C．when they feel truly grateful | D．purely out of politeness |
| A．gave up | B．used | C．shared | D．knew |
| A．different ways of expressing gratitude are all fashionable |
| B．people should avoid saying “thank you” nowadays |
| C．a thank-you note is still appreciated by most people |
| D．people in a bad mood never say “thank you” |
| A．Most people express their gratitude to others by buying food for them. |
| B．About fifty percent of people try not to say thank you when they should. |
| C．Most people may feel natural when they fail to receive others’ gratitude. |
| D．Many people think it unnecessary to say thanks to their family members. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In a book called Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas, a description is given of people helping others but doing it secretly. When difficult problems worried a person, friends nearby would meet to discuss possible solution without the person knowing their actions. When a solution was agreed upon, one or two of the friends would carry out the plan and solve the problem secretly, to the great delight of the worried person. The helpers would stand by privately, content with their success. No reward was given to the problem solvers, not even a sincere “thank you”, because they were never known.
This idea is popular today but in a different way. The phrase “pay it forward” is now used when one person helps another. However, the person helped may not be able to repay the person or group that helped them. So rather than return the favor to their helpers, they are supposed to help someone else in the future, which means they pay it forward. It is a sense of responsibility(责任) which makes us want to give back in equal measure to the one who has helped us. But, in this case, the responsibility turns to helping someone in the future.
Suppose your elderly grandmother pays part of your schooling. She may tell you there is no need to repay her because it is a gift from someone who loves you very much. Nothing would please her more than to have you use her money to get a good education.
You may never be able to repay her for such a gift. However, she not only gave you some money, but she provided you with an example that you should also help other people who need it.
People with serious needs are everywhere. Many are children who need better clothes, more books and even better schools. Some are elderly people who can’t afford their medicine or a doctor’s care. Consider how you can “pay it forward” rather than pay money back to your grandmother.
【小题1】The helpers in the book “Magnificent Obsession” were not rewarded because ______________.
| A．they hadn’t solved the problems thoroughly |
| B．they had solved the problems secretly |
| C．they were friends of the worried individual |
| D．they expected to be paid back in the future |
| A．to repay someone who has helped you |
| B．to pay someone else who needs help |
| C．to help someone who has helped you |
| D．to help someone else who needs help |
| A．We should learn to respect our grandparents. |
| B．We should work hard to get a good education. |
| C．We should also lend a hand to other people in need of help. |
| D．We should never forget to repay people for their help. |
| A．everybody needs help |
| B．more children need help than elderly people |
| C．it costs a lot of money to “pay it forward” |
| D．nowadays many people help others without being repaid |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
What is the hottest English word of 2013? It’s “selfie”, according to Oxford dictionaries. Selfie is a photo that one takes of oneself, according to the Oxford online dictionary. People usually take selfies with a smartphone(智能手机) and send them to a social media website.
The word was first used in 2002. In the past 12 months, its frequency (出现频率) in the English language has increased by 17,000 percent, said Oxford dictionaries. Now, almost everybody knows it.
“Almost every day, I take a photo of myself at school, and save it in my Qzone (QQ空间),” said Huang Xu, 13, from Hunan. These photos record her happy and sad moments.
Pop stars also take a lot of selfies. Li Chunping, 14, from Harbin, is a big fan of Yang Mi. “She has used many selfies to tell us what’s going on in her personal life,” said Li.
What makes people love selfies? Some people say it’s narcissism (自恋). “The rise of the selfie is a perfect symbol for our narcissistic culture. We’re crying out: Look at me!” said US psychiatrist(精神科医生) Carole Lieberman.
Young people are using selfies to make friends online, Jonathan Freedland wrote in The Guardian. “The usual purpose of taking a selfie is to share online. They express a human need to connect with others,” wrote Freedland.
Huang Xu agrees with that. “During summer vacation, my classmates and I shared many selfies online. Hair or clothes were not our interests. Through these photos, we got to know each other’s holidays and feelings,” said Huang Xu.
【小题1】According to the story, a “selfie” is _____.
| A．a person with a smartphone | B．a smartphone which can take photos |
| C．a photo taken by oneself | D．an English dictionary |
| A．More than ten years ago | B．In 2013 |
| C．When smartphones appeared | D．Nobody knows |
| A．only famous people enjoy taking selfies |
| B．all people love selfies because of narcissism |
| C．people love to share selfies online |
| D．US psychiatrist Carole Lieberman hates selfies |
| A．Paragraph 4 | B．Paragraph 5 | C．Paragraph 6 | D．Paragraph 7 |
| A．Selfies and narcissism | B．Selfies and sharing |
| C．Selfies and smartphones | D．Selfies, the hottest word in 2013 |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Last Saturday night Jenny was walking through a mall in London , texting on her phone. She wasn’t watching where she was going , so she fell into a sewer (下水道) and got trapped. Luckily she didn’t hurt badly. She quickly climbed out and walked away. But her accident was caught on a mall camera. Then someone posted it on YouTube. The video was viewed almost 2 million times and received national attention. Jenny was angry with this, but she learned a deep lesson: Texting while walking is dangerous. This time I just fell into a sewer. Next time I didn’t know what would happen. Maybe I would be knocked down by a car or something else. It was horrible.
Jenny may be famous for her mistake. After that, she was laughed at by her friends and workmates. She regretted what she had done. But it was too late. However, she wasn’t the only one who got into trouble while texting on the phone. In 2008, more than 1000 Englishmen visited hospital for similar reasons. They were walking and texting or talking on the phone. Suddenly a wall appeared! Or a hole or something like that got in the way. There were cuts, bumps, broken bones and even worse result happened on them.
So we must be careful when we are walking. Don’t send messages or talk with somebody on the phone while walking. Or you may hurt yourself and become another Jenny in the future.
【小题1】The story happened in ______ last Saturday night.
| A．China | B．America | C．England | D．Canada |
| A．she posted the accident video on YouTube |
| B．her accident was caught on a small camera |
| C．her accident video was on TV |
| D．her accident video on YouTube was viewed almost 2 million times |
| A．高兴 | B．后悔 | C．以…为自豪 | D．为… 伤心 |
| A．nobody | B．a few people | C．many people | D．millions of people |
| A．An Unforgettable Lesson |
| B．A Horrible Accident |
| C．Texting on the Phone While Walking |
| D．Don’t Send Message While Walking |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Life are always full of stress (压力) these days. How do you usually deal with (处理) your stress? Do you know doing housework is helpful in dealing with stress? In fact, doing something like washing dirty clothes may really make people relaxed.
"Doing some housework such as washing windows or ironing (熨) clothes is a good way to face our stress without taking any medicine," says Carol Clark, a successful psychologist (心理学家) in New York. She often advises people who are under lots of stress to try doing housework every day. "While washing something," she says, "you can imagine(想象) you're washing away some trouble in your life."
Do people all agree with her idea? Here are some ideas about it.
"Housework is the main reason for the stress in my life," says Linda in France. "Get me out of doing the housework and then I'll really be relaxed."
Gary is a single (单身的) father. "So, a man pays a psychologist $200 an hour for his problem about stress. However, he is just told to go back home and do some housework. I really don't know who is crazier, the psychologist or the man!
【小题1】What does Carol Clark advise people under stress to do?
| A．To take some medicine. | B．To call on a psychologist. |
| C．To be as tidy as possible. | D．To do some housework. |
| A．relaxed | B．under much stress |
| C．helpful | D．in a healthy state |
| A．People have more and more stress. |
| B．Some people have different ideas from Carol Clark's. |
| C．Doing housework isn't helpful in dealing with stress. |
| D．Most people have to do too much housework. |
| A．Work and Life | B．The Reason for Stress |
| C．Housework and Stress | D．A Successful Psychologist |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Recently, an Internet game has become a new fashion among young office workers and students. People can “farm” on a piece of “land” and “grow”, “sell” or even “steal vegetables”, “flowers” and “fruits” on the Net. They can earn some e-money and buy more “seeds”, “pets” and even “houses”.
Joyce interviewed some young people. Here are their opinions:
Harold: I don't quite understand why they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
Allan: I enjoy putting some “bugs” in my friends’ gardens and we’ve become closer because of the game. Having fun together is the most exciting thing about it.
Laura: You know, people in the city are longing for（渴望）the life in the countryside. It reduces my work pressure（压力）. Besides, it gives me the exciting experience of being a “thief”.
Ivy: Well, it's just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they can not focus on （专注于）their study.
【小题1】 According to the passage, people can’t things in this game.
| A．grow | B．borrow | C．steal | D．sell |
| A．Laura, Allan | B．Allan, Harold | C．Harold, Ivy | D．Ivy, Allan |
| A．a student | B．an office worker | C．a farmer | D．a thief |
| A．They are longing for country life. |
| B．They can have fun with friends. |
| C．The game can relax people and give them a new experience. |
| D．They are confident enough to face the real world. |
| A．In a car magazine. | B．In an advertisement. |
| C．In a newspaper. | D．In a science book. |
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