【题目】
【1】That is the only way we can imagine _ (reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom.
【2】Jim __________ (finish) reading three novels written by Wang Anyi these days.
【3】In England, we should avoid __________ (ask) people questions about their age.
【4】When there was a knock on the door, he_____________ (write) an important letter.
【5】More __________ (do) to improve the water condition in Taihu Lake from now on.
【6】Though he _____________ (laugh) at by his classmates, he appeared to be calm.
【7】He didn’t even mention the difficulty he had at that time __________ (control) the moving train.
【8】Our teacher once told us that the early bird __________ (catch) the worm.
【9】This morning the Blacks ________ (clean) the house, but I’m not sure if they have completed it.
【10】All food can make a person fat if too much __________ (eat).
【答案】
【1】to reduce
【2】has finished
【3】asking
【4】was writing
【5】will be done
【6】was laughed
【7】controlling
【8】catches
【9】were cleaning
【10】is eaten
【解析】
【1】句意:这是我们唯一能想到的减少浴室浪费水的方法。动词不定式用作定语修饰the only way,答案为to reduce。
【2】句意:这些天吉姆已经读完了王安忆写的三部小说。these days这些天,属于“现在”的时间,因此要与表示与现在有关的时态连用,结合语境理解可知,吉姆已经读完了三部小说,要用现在完成时态来表达,主语he是第三人称单数,故答案为has finished。
【3】句意:在英国,我们应该避免询问人们关于他们年龄的问题。avoid doing sth.避免做某事,故答案为asking。
【4】句意:有人敲门时,他正在写一封重要的信。“write”这一动作发生在当有人敲门这一时刻,表示过去某一时刻动作正在进行,时态为过去进行时态,故答案为was writing。
【5】句意:从现在起,将进一步改善太湖的水环境。根据“from now on”判断,句子的时态为一般将来时,主语more与do之间是被动的关系,句子为一般将来时态的被动语态,故答案为will be done。
【6】句意:虽然他受到同学们的嘲笑,但他看上去很镇静。根据“he appeared to be calm.”判断,前面的句子的时态为一般过去时,主语he与laugh之间是被动的关系,故答案为was laughed。
【7】句意:他甚至没有提到当时他控制移动的火车的困难程度。have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难,结合句意可知,答案为controlling。
【8】句意:我们的老师曾经告诉我们“笨鸟先飞”。“the early bird __________ (catch) the worm.”属于谚语,放在从句中时态不受主句过去时态的影响,仍用一般现在时,故答案为catches。
【9】句意:今天早上布莱克夫妇正在打扫房子,但我不确定他们是否已经完成了。过去进行时表示过去某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作或状态。结合语境理解,此句是表达今天早晨这一时间段正在发生的动作,故用过去进行时态来表达,主语the Blacks视作复数,故答案为were cleaning。
【10】句意:如果吃得太多,所有的食物都会使人发胖。too much后面省略了food,与eat之间是被动的关系,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,food是不可数名词,故答案为is eaten。
一、确定动词的时态。
1. 与各种时态连用的时间状语:一般现在时:usually,often,always,sometimes,everyday,onSunday等;现在进行时:now,atthemoment,有时句前有Look!或Listen!等词提示;一般将来时:thisSunday,nextweek,tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,onFriday,in+一段时间等;一般过去时:yesterday,justnow,lastyear,anhourago,in1985等;现在完成时:for+一段时间,since+时间点,inthepast+一段时间,thesedays,recently;just,never,ever,already,yet,before等。
2. 根据主从句的关系来确定时态。在主从复合句中,主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。①在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的相应时态;②在宾语从句中,主句是一般现在时,从句可用任意需要的时态;③在时间、条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词(can,may,must等),从句要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
二、确定动词的语态。
如所填动词是谓语动词,应先根据主语和谓语动词之间的主、被动关系,确定动词的语态,一般说,句子主语是谓语动作的执行者,则用主动语态。若句子主语是动作承受者,则用被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。
三、非谓语动词形式。
如果所填的动词在句子中不作谓语,那么就应考虑用动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式主要有:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式(现在分词或动名词)、过去分词等。到底采用哪一种形式,要根据习惯搭配、各种非谓语形式的用途和特点、修辞及句子结构的要求等方面来决定。
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