科目:初中英语 来源:山东省临沂市2018年中考试卷英语 题型:阅读单选
(2018·山东临沂)What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.
Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.
The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can’t see them. They’re too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (实验) fail. That’s why dishes are covered.
Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. “By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.”
This is how penicillin was found. But here’s the real miracle (奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds (秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案
1.During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections, ________.
A. the dishes were not covered
B. staph and mold were put together
C. mold was kept in small dishes
D. staph was grown in small dishes
2.The word “ dreaded” means “_______”.
A. famous B. scary
C. health D. endangered
3.The last paragraph suggests that _______.
A. accidents happen to everyone
B. the careful person does not have accidents
C. the careless person will miss valuable chances
D. luck is enough when doing scientific experiments
4.Most of this passage is written by ______.
A. telling an unusual story B. showing the results of experiments
C. offering some reasons D. giving some advice
5.This passage is mainly about ______.
A. medicine for a staph infection B. useful accidents
C. Dr. Fleming’s research D. discovering penicillin
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 【解析】 短文大意:本文介绍了青霉素在实验室的意外发现以及主要用途。 1.题意:在寻找葡萄球菌感染的药物的实验中, 。考查细节理解题。A. the dishes were not covered盘子没有被覆盖。B. staph and mold were put together把葡萄球菌和霉菌放在一起。C. mol...查看答案和解析>>
科目:初中英语 来源:2018年湖北省咸宁市中考英语试卷 题型:阅读单选
Shang Yang was a politician of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking(有远见的). He worked out several reform plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards(奖赏) to soldiers who were successful during war.
But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shang's talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him.
To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly: "People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces."
It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, "I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces."
The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.
Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting(推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him.
Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story.
1.Shang Yang's reforms .
A. were never trusted by people B. made Qin grow strong
C. were carried out easily at the beginning D. focused on farming and education
2.To let people trust him, Shang Yang .
A. ordered many young men to join the army
B. gave a reward to anyone who supported him
C. showed that he could keep his promises
D. introduced his reforms at the south gate of the capital
3.What does the underlined word “unbelievable” mean in the passage?
A. 不能实现的 B. 不可能的 C. 难以理解的 D. 难以置信的
4.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. The Chinese idiom “立木取信” just came from this story.
B. Under the reforms, Qin united all the states.
C. The man who carried the pole to the north gate was paid only 10 gold pieces.
D. At first, only a few people in the state understood the advantages of Shang Yang's plans.
5.What's the main idea of this story?
A. Earning people's trust is never easy.
B. Keeping promises can earn people's trust.
C. Money can lead people to do anything in the world.
D. Reforms are important for a country to develop.
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 【解析】 短文讲述了秦朝的商鞅变法。商鞅为了取得国人的信任使变法得以有效实施,想出了一个“立木取信”的办法,赢得了众人的信任与支持,商鞅变法使秦朝强大起来,统一了全国。同时故事也告诉我们只有信守诺言才能赢得人们的信任。 1.细节理解题。根据短文最后一段的句子“Under the great reforms, Qin ...查看答案和解析>>
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