Question

【题目】

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography(摄影) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his workroom. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypesfrom all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(设备). But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States.

After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

Mathew Brady was a well-known photographer in the United States. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.

Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy filmsready-made in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film right away. They could bring it back to their workrooms and develop it later.

This means that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places.

Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books alsoused documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.

Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photographswere not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

【1】The first photo taken by Niepce was a photo of his .

A.yardB.houseC.windowD.workroom

【2】The first photos of war were taken by .

A.a Frenchman in the 1830sB.a French photographer in the 1840s

C.an American in the 1860sD.a British photographer in the 1880s

【3】According to the passage, which shows the correct order?

a. Photographs became popular in newspapers and magazines.

b. Photographers needed to carry processing equipment with them.

c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier. d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.

e. Mathew Brady took life-like pictures of famous people.

A.e-a-d-b-cB.b-e-c-a-dC.d-c-e-a-bD.d-b-e-c-a

【4】The word “film” appears several times in this passage. It most probably means in Chinese.

A.镜头B.胶片C.快门D.电影

【5】This passage is mainly about .

A.the invention of small camerasB.how photography became a new art form

C.the development of photographyD.some important photographers in history

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】B

【5】C

【解析】

本篇按照时间的顺序叙述了摄影艺术的发展以及摄影在媒体中的影响。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一段“He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photo.”，可知第一张照片是Niepce的院子，故选A。

【2】细节理解题。根据第七段“Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities.”，可知Brady是第一个拍摄战争照片，1862年的内战照片，呈现了阵亡的战士和被摧毁的城市；第一张的战争照片是美国人19 世纪60年代拍的，故选C。

【3】推理判断题。根据第二段“The next important date in the history of photography(摄影) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his workroom.”可知在1837年达盖尔发明了一种叫做达盖尔类型的照片；根据第四段“In about 1840. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(设备). ”可知在1840年照相的人要带着很多的设备；根据第五、六段“After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.He took many pictures of famous people.” 可知在19 世纪40年代以后，达盖尔型的艺术家拍了很多著名人物的照片；根据第八、九段“In the 1880s,And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.” 可知在19世纪80 年代，手拿照相机的发明让照相变得比较便宜；根据第十一段“Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books alsoused documentary photographs.”可知在19世纪90年代照片在报纸杂志书都有纪实照片；根据时间的顺序讲明摄影的发展，故选D。

【4】词义猜测题。根据第八段“Photographers could buy filmsready-made in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves.”—— 摄影师可以买现成的成卷的胶卷。所以他们不必自己制作胶卷；根据film词前的Photographers意为“摄影师”，推断摄影师用的是胶片， 故选B。

【5】主旨大意题。本文根据时间的顺序叙述摄影的发展；故选C.

本篇是阅读单选，考查细节理解、推理判断能力和主旨归纳能力。解答前要先快速阅读全文，理解大意；再阅读题干，正确理解题干的要求；然后回归原文，寻找有用信息作答；本篇题型设定题1、2是细节理解题，解答时要在原文中找出题干包含的信息部分，这样可以正确地捉住有效信息，确保答题的准确性；题3推理判断题要仔细比对原文和题干的信息，按时间顺序整理选项。题5是主旨归纳题，要全面了解全文的信息，避免做片面的解答，解答完，要通读全文，核实答案和原文信息是否一致。