Question

【题目】 We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop（粪便）,USA Today reported.

The findings came from a study by scientists from Environment Agency Austria. The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample（大便样本）for testing.

Scientists found nine different types of plastic particles（ 颗粒）in the samples. “The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system （淋巴系统）,and may even reach the liver（肝脏）”said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.

However, the scientists aren't sure if this plastic is harmful to humans. They're not sure how the plastic got into the volunteers' bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution.

In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste goes into the oceans. There, sunlight and waves break the plastic down to small particles. Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body?

According to USA Today, 90 percent of sea salt sold in the world includes plastic. And even some top water has been found to have plastic particles in it.

【1】According to USA Today, what have scientists found for the first time?

A.Plastic in the ocean.B.Plastic in animals.

C.Plastic in human poop.D.Plastic in the soil.

【2】The researchers________according to the second paragraph.

A.followed eight healthy volunteers.B.are from Environment Agency Australia

C.wrote down what they ate for a weekD.provided a stool sample for testing

【3】Paragraph 3 is written to tell us that________

A.plastic particles can be a few different sizesB.plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies

C.plastic can harm the lymphatic systemD.plastic particles are inside all of us

【4】What can we infer （推断） from the study?

A.Plastic does no harm to our bodies.

B.The best way to deal with plastic waste is to burn it.

C.People should stop drinking tap（水龙头）water.

D.It can be hard to avoid plastic in food and drinks.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

短文大意：本文关注的是环保问题，通过科学家首次在人类粪便中发现塑料说明塑料污染的严重性。

【1】题意：据《今日美国》报道，科学家们首次发现了什么？考查细节理解。根据“But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop, USA Today reported但据《今日美国》报道，科学家首次在人类粪便中发现塑料”，可知Plastic in human poop符合题意，故选C。

【2】题意：根据第二段研究人员跟踪调查了8名健康志愿者。考查细节判断。A. 跟踪8名健康志愿者；根据“The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world”可知说法正确。B. 来自澳大利亚环境局；根据“The findings came from a study by scientists from Environment Agency Austria”可知说法错误。C. 记录下他们一周的饮食；根据“The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample for testing”可知说法错误。D. 提供粪便样本进行检测；根据“The volunteers…provided a stool sample for testing”可知说法错误。综合以上分析，故选A。

【3】题意：第3段告诉我们 。考查细节判断。根据研究员的话“The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system, and may even reach the liver最小的塑料颗粒能够进入血液、淋巴系统，甚至可能到达肝脏”，可知塑料颗粒可以到达我们身体的很多部位，plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies符合题意，故选B。

【4】题意：我们能从这项研究中推断出什么？考查推理判断。A. 塑料对我们的身体没有伤害；根据“However, the scientists aren't sure if this plastic is harmful to humans”可知说法错误。B. 处理塑料垃圾的最好方法是燃烧它；根据科学常识可知说法错误。C. 人们应该停止饮用自来水；根据“But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles”，结合科学常识，可知说法错误。D. 食品和饮料中很难不含塑料；根据“In fact, plastic is everywhere around us …90 percent of sea salt sold in the world includes plastic. And even some top water has been found to have plastic particles in it”可知说法正确。综合以上分析，故选D。

本文关注的是塑料污染问题，篇幅较长，难度适中。做题时要在理解好文意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文章中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细比对，进行选择或推理判断，选出符合文章内容的正确选项。做题注意灵活，有时可采用排除法或直选法确定出最终答案。例如小题1，问科学家们首次发现了什么，考查细节理解；根据“But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop, USA Today reported”，可知科学家首次在人类粪便中发现塑料，Plastic in human poop符合题意，故选C。