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【题目】根据短文内容和首字母提示填词。(每空一词)

It would be difficult to find one herring (鲱鱼) swimming alone in the sea. Herring always swim in groups c1schools. Sometimes hundreds of thousands of small, silvery herring swim together, covering the surface of the sea for miles.

In a school of herring, all the fish are about the same size and age. Since n2 of the fish is older or wiser than the others, there is no leader, or “teacher”. All the fish is in a school swim in the same d3 and at the same speed. When one turns, they all turn. When there is danger, the fish move closer together.

One 4 that herring swim in schools is that they are more protected from danger. Herring have no defense weapons (防卫武器) to use a5 their many enemies in the sea. When they crowded together, the fish inside the group are p6 by the bodies of the ones on the outside. A school of close swimming herring may look like a s7 , giant fish. Some enemies may be frightened away by the large shape.

As the herring g8 larger, the school is attacked by larger, hungry fish. Each time some herring are lost, but many survive. The survivors stay t9 in smaller schools or join another school of herring.

Female herring do not lay eggs u10they are three or four years old. Each mature fish can lay as many as 40000 eggs. From these eggs come some new schools of herring to replace the disappearing older schools.

【答案】

1called

2none

3direction

4reason

5against

6protected

7strong

8grows

9together

10until

【解析】

本文介绍了鲱鱼。鲱鱼总是成群结队地一起游泳。它们以同样的速度向同样的方向游动。鲱鱼没有防御武器用来对付海里的许多敌人。因此它们会挤在一起,这样群里的鱼会受到外面鱼的身体的保护。所以集群行动在鲱鱼的生活中,有着极其重要的意义和作用。

1句意:鲱鱼总是成群结队地游泳,被称为鱼群。

由语境和所给的首字母提示可知,应该填:call;分析句子结构可知,本题应该用call的过去分词形式,做后置定语,修饰后面的名词schools。故答案为:called

2句意:因为没有一条鱼比其他鱼更老或更聪明,所以没有领导者或老师

根据“In a school of herring, all the fish are about the same size and age.”在一群鲱鱼中,所有的鱼都差不多大小和年龄。可知,应该是没有一条鱼比其他鱼更老或更聪明,所以没有领导者或“老师”。再结合首字母提示可知,应该填nonenone表示三个或多于三个人、事物中“一个都没有”的意思,none做主语,多与of 构成短语 none of;故答案为:none

3句意:所有的鱼在一个鱼群里以同样的方向和速度游泳。

根据“When one turns, they all turn.”当一个人转身,他们都会转身。可知,它们应该是以同样的方向游泳;再结合首字母提示可知,应该填directionthe same direction:同样的方向。故答案为:direction

4句意:鲱鱼以集群行动的方式游泳的一个原因是它们能受到更多的保护。

根据“Herring have no defense weapons (防卫武器) to use a 5 their many enemies in the sea.”鲱鱼没有防御武器用来对付海里的许多敌人。可知,这是鲱鱼以集群的方式游泳的一个原因。再结合首字母提示可知,应该填reasonreason用作及物动词时,通常接that从句作宾语。故答案为:reason

5句意:鲱鱼没有防御武器用来对付海里的许多敌人。

分析句子“Herring have no defense weapons (防卫武器) to use a 5 their many enemies in the sea.”的结构可知,本题应该填一个介词,再结合首字母提示可知,应该填againstagainst介词,反对;该句话的语境是:鲱鱼没有防御武器用来对付海里的许多敌人。故答案为:against

6句意:当它们挤在一起的时候,群里的鱼会受到外面鱼的身体的保护。

根据“When they crowded together, the fish inside the group are p 6 by the bodies of the ones on the outside.”可知,当它们挤在一起的时候,群里的鱼应该是会受到外面鱼的身体的保护。再结合首字母提示可知,应该填protect;在发现句子结构可知,本题应该用一般现在时的被动句。其结构是:am/is/are+动词的过去分词。be protected by:被……保护。故答案为:protected

7句意:一群近距离游泳的鲱鱼看起来像一条强壮的大鱼。

根据“Some enemies may be frightened away by the large shape.”一些敌人可能会被这个巨大的形状吓跑。可知,一群近距离游泳的鲱鱼看起来像一条强壮的大鱼。再结合首字母提示可知,应该填strongstrong形容词强壮的,强大的,做定语修饰后面的名词。故答案为:strong

8句意:随着鲱鱼越来越大,鱼群会受到更大,更饥饿的鱼的攻击。

根据空后面的形容词larger,可知,前面应该有一个系动词,再结合首字母提示可知,应该填growgrow有“逐渐变化”的含义,强调变化的过程。其前面的主语the herring是单数,因此grow用三单形式。故答案为:grows

9句意:幸存者们呆在较小的集群里或加入另一个鲱鱼集群。

根据“Each time some herring are lost, but many survive.”每次都有一些鲱鱼丢了,但很多都活了下来。可知,这些活下来的鲱鱼仍会待在一起。再结合首字母提示可知,应该填togetherstay together:呆在一起。故答案为:together

10句意:雌鲱鱼三四岁才下蛋。

句子“they are three or four years old.”是一个表示时间的句子,因此前面应该用until引导,not…until…:直到……才……;故答案为:until

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