According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, we officially welcome the Year of the Horse better than others.
The horse has played an important role throughout human history all over the world. Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transportation, a weapon of war and a plougher of fields(犁地农具), but “the horse was more than just a vehicle – it had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor,” Clare Balding wrote for The Telegraph.
In the Middle Ages in Western societies, the horse was a symbol of chivalry (骑士精神) and nobility(贵族). In fact, the word “chivalry” comes from “cheval” in Old French, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to fashion the 19th-century “gentleman”, which was about good manners, courage and honesty to friends.
Nowadays, because of economic(经济) development, people in Western societies are less likely to see or ride horses. People living in cities, in particular, hardly ever experience horses except through movies, paintings or books. But horse racing, and betting money on horse races, is still popular. The Kentucky Derby is one of the most popular sporting events every year in the US.
In the UK, the royal police still go around the city on horseback and the Queen rides in a traditional horse-drawn carriage on “ceremonial occasions (正式场合)”.
Some sayings about horses are still used in English today. For example, people still say “hold your horses” to mean “slow down”. If someone seems too proud, people might tell him or her to “get off his or her high horse”. And since horses are strong and energetic, there are expressions such as “as strong as a horse”, “workhorse” and “horsing around”.
Interestingly, the horse also appears in many Chinese sayings, such as Qianlima, which means a talented person. Other Chinese horse sayings include Madaochenggong (instant success) and Baimawangzi (prince charming).
Besides their physical strengths, horses are smart and have “excellent memories”, according to Discovery News. Maybe that’s why Chinese people say, “An old horse never gets lost”.
Since the horse is honored as a symbol of many great qualities, people born in the Year of the Horse are said to share them.
【小题1】 According to Chinese tradition, which year is welcomed best officially?
| A．the Year of the Snake | B．the Year of the Tiger |
| C．the Year of the Mouse | D．the Year of the Horse |
| A．A weapon of war. |
| B．The royal police’s transportation to go around in the UK. |
| C．Race horses. |
| D．Animal actors in movies. |
| A．Hold your horses. | B．Get off your high horse. |
| C．Be as strong as a horse | D．An old horse never gets lost |
| A．The horse has played an important role throughout human history all over the world |
| B．The horse was a symbol of chivalry and nobility in the Middle Ages in Western societies. |
| C．Besides their physical strengths, horses are smart and have “excellent memories”. |
| D．Horses are only used as a means of transportation like a car, a tank or a tractor. |
| A．Economy develops a lot, so people in Western societies hardly see or ride horses nowadays. |
| B．The Kentucky Derby is one of the most popular betting events every year in the US. |
| C．Qianlima in Chinese means a person who can run one thousand kilometers a day. |
| D．Since the horse is honored as a symbol of many great qualities, people born in the Year of the Horse are said to be as strong as a horse. |
【小题1】D
【小题2】A
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
解析试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了马年在中国的传统的阴历年中比较受欢迎。在中外历史上都有着重要的作用，但是随着经济的发展人们不再骑马，但是一些有关马的成语流传至今。由于马是很多好品质的象征，所以马年出生的人被人们认为也具有了那些品质。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据短文第一段According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, we officially welcome the Year of the Horse better than others.故选D。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据第二段Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transportation, a weapon of war and a plougher of fields(犁地农具)可知作为战争武强，是在古代，不是现代，结合问题，故选A
【小题3】推理判断题。根据第六段If someone seems too proud, people might tell him or her to “get off his or her high horse”.可知对骄傲的人说的成语，结合题意，故选B
【小题4】是非判断题。根据第二段“the horse was more than just a vehicle – it had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor,”可知D项错误，故选D。
【小题5】归纳理解题。根据第四段Nowadays, because of economic(经济) development, people in Western societies are less likely to see or ride horses故选A。
考点：文化类短文阅读。
科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food.
A CCTV program, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.
Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.
Chinese people are well known for being hospitable(好客的) and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table.
Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because she took some leftover food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and criticized(批评) the waste of food.
What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tips:
1. Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
2. Don’t be too picky(挑剔的) about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.
3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
【小题1】How many people were hungry in the world in 2010 according to the UN World Food Program?
| A．200 million. | B．Six million. | C．925 million. | D．625 million. |
| A．Many Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food. |
| B．Many Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the weak. |
| C．Chinese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food. |
| D．Many Chinese people don’t agree with the behavior of wasting food. |
| A．过期的 | B．剩余的 | C．腐烂的 | D．难吃的 |
| A．food comes from very hard work |
| B．six million children die of hunger every day |
| C．there is enough food to feed all the people |
| D．Chinese are hospitable and generous |
| A．Ordering more than you need at a restaurant. |
| B．Taking home restaurant leftovers. |
| C．Not knowing what you already have at home when shopping. |
| D．Not eating the food you don’t like even if it’s healthy. |
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Do you know something about the Akuapem people? They live in eastern Ghana (加纳), where the sunshine hugs all the time. They are very friendly. Now let’s have a look at how the Akuapem people receive a visitor.
A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. After the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, for the host (主人) thinks that the visitor must have come from a very long trip and is in need of water. Then the host family greet the visitor by saying “Akwaaba.” More interestingly, if there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes only with his right hand, because the left hand is regarded dirty according to the Akuapem people.
Next, the visitor is asked how his trip was and why he has come. While the conversation is going on, the wife and children, especially girls, are cooking food for the visitor. The visitor can choose the food. After the visitor has finished eating, the host and the visitor continue their conversation. Usually this is a short one since the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye.
When the visitor is leaving, he is often given some food to take along. He is also accompanied (陪伴) by one of the children to the nearest station. The child who accompanies the visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely.
No matter if he is a close friend or just a passer-by (过路人), this is always the way that the friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.
B）阅读表达。阅读第I卷第三大题D篇短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。（共5小题，计10分）
【小题1】What is the visitor offered at first by the family of Akuapem?
______________________________________________________________
【小题2】Why does the host shake only with his right hand?
______________________________________________________________
【小题3】Who are cooking food while the host is chatting with the visitor?
______________________________________________________________
【小题4】When will the child who accompanies the visitor to the station come back home?
______________________________________________________________
【小题5】What does the article mainly talk about？
______________________________________________________________
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
【小题1】Sally Smith sent the postcard from ___________.
| A．Barcelona, Spain | B．Boston, USA |
| C．Mexico City, Mexico | D．Bangkok, Thailand |
| A．a day | B．a week |
| C．two weeks | D．a month |
| A．Barcelona is a big city. | B．Mexico city is very hot. |
| C．Bangkok is a very old city. | D．Mexico City is small but beautiful. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In Britain you may often hear “Drop in any time.” or “Come to see me soon”, but you can’t really do that. People just say those things to make you feel welcome. It is better to telephone before visiting someone at home. If you receive a written invitation to an event that says “RSVP”, you should reply to let the person who sent the invitation know whether or not you plan to go.
You should never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying, “Thank you for inviting me, but I will not be able to come.” If, after accepting, you are unable to go, be sure to tell those who are expecting you as soon as possible that you will not be there. Although it is not necessarily expected that you give a gift to your host, it is considered polite to do so, especially if you have been invited for a meal. Flowers, chocolate, or a small gift are all appropriate(合适的). A thank-you note or telephone call after the visit is also considered polite and is an appropriate way to express your appreciation for the invitation.
【小题1】What can you do when a British friend says, “Drop in anytime”?
| A．Visit him or her at any time. | B．Say no time to him or her seriously. |
| C．Telephone him or her before visiting. | D．Visit him or her soon. |
| A．请自便 | B．请回复 | C．请审阅 | D．请来访 |
| A．Do not give him or her an answer. |
| B．Tell another friend to go instead of you. |
| C．Tell him or her that you can’t be there for some reason. |
| D．Tell him or her that you don’t want to go there. |
| A．Buy small presents when invited. |
| B．Refuse the invitation without telling anyone. |
| C．Write a thank-you note after a visit. |
| D．Give a telephone call after a visit. |
| A．In an invitation. | B．In a guidebook. |
| C．On a poster. | D．In a newspaper. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics．At this time，many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games．The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25th，1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on，publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.
During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November l936. The five Olympics rings were drawn on the front of the sportswear．It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics．
In the 1950s，the stamps of this kind became more colorful．When the White Olympics came，the host countries(主办国) as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games．China also published four stamps in February 1980 when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics．
Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics．Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meeting．
Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps．People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.
【小题1】The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics_________．
| A．are the same thing | B．are different games |
| C．are not held in winter | D．are held in summer |
| A．after the year 1936 | B．after the 3rd White Olympics |
| C．before the 3rd White Olympics | D．before the year 1932 |
| A．Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games． |
| B．Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games． |
| C．All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games． |
| D．Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those Games |
| A．Basketball． | B．Table tennis． |
| C．Football． | D．Skating． |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
It can be hard to meet people from another culture. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal (信号). Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize（强调）the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people just looked at me all the time and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are not needed.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share almost the same values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural (多元文化) environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
【小题1】In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to .
| A．develop closer relationship | B．share the same culture |
| C．get to know each other | D．make a successful speech |
| A．too many words are of no use |
| B．the English prefer to make long speeches |
| C．even talk and silence can be culturally different |
| D．people from Thailand are quiet and shy |
| A．Multicultural Environment | B．Cross-Cultural Differences |
| C．How to Understand Each Other | D．How to Build Up a Relationship |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It runs Apple's iOS mobile operating system, known as the "iPhone OS" until mid-2010, shortly after the release of the iPad. The first generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, the most recent iPhone, the seventh-generation iPhone 5S, on September 20, 2013. The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard. The iPhone has Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity (2G, 3G, 4G, and LTE).
An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive emails, look through the web, send texts, and receive visual voicemail. Other functions—games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, etc.— can be enabled by downloading apps; as of 2012[update], the App Store offered more than 775,000 apps by Apple and third parties.
There are six generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the six major releases of iOS. The original 1st generation iPhone was a GSM phone, and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted through all models and a screen size maintained until the launch of the iPhone 5 in 2012. The iPhone 3G added 3G cellular network capabilities and A-GPS location. The iPhone 3GS added a faster processor and a higher-resolution camera that could record video at 480p. The iPhone 4 featured a higher-resolution 960 × 640 "retina display", a VGA front-facing camera for video calling and other apps, and a 5-megapixel rear-facing camera with 720p video capture. The iPhone 4S upgrades to an 8-megapixel camera with 1080p video recording, a dual-core processor, and a natural language voice control system called Siri. IPhone 5 features the new A6 processor, increases the size of the Retina display to 4 inches, and replaces the 30-pin connector with an all-digital Lightning connector.
The resounding sales of the iPhone have been credited with reshaping the smart phone industry and helping make Apple one of the world's most valuable publicly trading companies in 2011–12. However, there has been criticism of the company's outsourcing and move of jobs from the US to China. Apple and its manufacturing contractor Foxconn have received criticism due to poor working conditions at the assembly plant in China.
【小题1】An iphone is from __________.
| A．the USA | B．South Korean |
| C．the UK | D．Australia |
| A．iphone 4 | B．iphone 4S | C．iphone 5 | D．iphone 5S |
| A．Five | B．Six | C．Seven | D．Eight |
| A．The new A6 processor |
| B．increases the size of the Retina display to 4 inches |
| C．replaces the 30-pin connector with an all-digital Lightning connector |
| D．A, B and C |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Xiao Jing, a Beijing girl took home a cup of iced tea for her father after having supper at McDonald’s. But when the father happily started to drink his daughter’s gift, he found that there was a filter tip (过滤嘴) inside it. Xiao Jing and her father got very angry.
This is not the first time that McDonald’s has let Chinese customers down. According to a CCTV program on World Consumer Rights Day(消费者权益保护日) on March 15, a McDonald’s restaurant in Beijing sold chicken wings 90 minutes after they were cooked. The company’s rules set a 30-minutes limit. What’s more, some workers changed desserts’ expiration dates (保质期) or even put them into a new bag or box to sell them again.
McDonald’s China released a letter of apology on their official micro blog (微博) soon after the program. “McDonald’s China pays great attention to this. We will immediately look into this accident, deal with it seriously and take practical actions to apologize (道歉) to consumers. We’ll try our best to provide healthy and safe food,” the letter said.
We all need to learn how to fight for our rights and interests. Here are some tips:
1. Learn some of the differences between real and fake, fresh and overdue (过期的) products.
2. Get the invoices（发票）for all your goods and services.
3. If you find there’s a problem with your goods, call 12315 or go to your local Consumer Association (消费者协会) for help.【小题1】Why did Xiao Jing and her father angry?
| A．Because the drink was not fresh. |
| B．Because the drink was not clean. |
| C．Because the drink was not a full cup. |
| D．Because the drink was not what they ordered. |
【小题2】The sentence “McDonald’s has let Chinese customers down” means “ ”.| A．McDonald’s has made Chinese customers happy |
| B．McDonald’s has disappointed(使…失望) Chinese customers |
| C．Chinese customers don’t like McDonald’s food |
| D．Chinese customers think McDonald’s doesn’t provide good service |
【小题3】What does the word “fake” mean in Chinese?| A．假的 | B．优秀的 |
| C．肤浅的 | D．错误的 |
【小题4】Which of the following is NOT the right way for consumers to protect their rights?| A．Learn the differences between real and fake products. |
| B．Ask for invoices after getting goods or services. |
| C．Check the expiration dates on products before buying them. |
| D．Call the police office if there is something wrong with the goods. |
【小题5】What does the article mainly aim to tell us?| A．McDonald’s China doesn’t provide healthy food. |
| B．It’s necessary for us to learn how to protect our rights. |
| C．We should pay more attention when buying things in the supermarket. |
| D．The Consumer Association can solve all kinds of problems. |
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