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    15．Are you carrying too much on your back at school？You're not alone．Back experts in the United States are worried that young students are having back and neck problems as a result of carrying too much in their backpacks （schoolbags）．
    "It hurts my back when I run，"said Oberlin Reyes，a student in Virginia．"It's hard to get up the stairs with my backpack，because it's too heavy．"
         Oberlin is among students whose backpacks were weighed for a week in a recent study．
         They had regular backpacks with two straps （带子） to carry them，but a number of students with heavy loads had switched to rolling backpacks （which have wheels and can roll on the ground）．Shirley Park，whose backpack weighed 10 kilograms，said she changed to a rolling backpack because she was starting to have back pain．How much is too much？Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own  body weight．
         A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load：less homework．
         P．S．（附） Doctor's suggestion：
         ①Lighten the load．Clean out binders （活页材料） and take home only the books you need that night．
         ②Wide straps are better．They send out the weight over your shoulders more evenly （均匀）．And be sure to
           wear both straps rather than hanging the pack over one shoulder．
         ③Pack smart．The heavier things should be packed closed to the back
         ④Bend both knees when you pick up the pack，and don't just bend over at the waist （腰）．
     51"D"is the main idea of the text．
    A．The problem of backpacks is worth studying
    B．The problem made by heavy backpacks
    C．What is the best backpack for a student
    D．How to make students'backpacks light
    52．According to Oberlin Reyes and Shirley Park，we knowA
    A．students have to do too much homework
    B．students have to carry heavy backpacks
    C．backpacks without wheels are bad for students
    D．too much homework leaves students no free time
    53．The expression"switched to"in the text perhaps meansA
    A．started to use     B．turned to     C．caught up   D．used for
    54．According to the passage，it's better for a student of 40 kilograms to carry a backpack ofC at most by the words of experts．
    A.10 kg       B.8 kg        C.6 kg       D.7 kg
    55．If students follows the doctor's suggestions，theyC．
    A．may lighten their backpacks            B．can learn how to help themselves
    C．may feel their backpacks are lighter      D．will know how to wear backpacks．

    分析 这篇短文主要描述了中美学生的书包都很重，这会对学生的身体造成不良影响．专家对此提出了建议，并号召老师和家长采取适当的措施．

    解答 51-55 DAACC
    51题答案：D 主旨题．根据第一段Are you carrying too much on your back at school？You're not alone．Back experts in the United States are worried that young students are having back and neck problems as a result of carrying too much in their backpacks （schoolbags）．本文主要谈论了美国学生们的书包里所背的东西太多太重，如何才能使学生们的书包减轻，故本题选D．
    52题答案：A 细节题．根据第五段A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load：less homework．所表示的含义为学生有太多的作业从而导致书包太重，故本题选A．
    53题答案：A 词汇题．根据第四段A number of students with heavy loads had switched to rolling backpacks前面许多背着很重东西的学生，后面可以在地上转动的书包，所以"switched to"的含义为开始使用的含义，故本题选A．
    54题答案：C 细节题．根据第四段 Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight．，所表示的含义为学生们所背的东西重量不要超过自身重量的百分之10到15，所以40公斤的学生背的东西重量不要超过6公斤，故本题选C．
    55题答案：C 细节题．根据本文最后提到了医生的4点①Lighten the load．Clean out binders （活页材料） and take home only the books you need that night．②Wide straps are better．They send out the weight over your shoulders more evenly （均匀）．And be sure to wear both straps rather than hanging the pack over one shoulder．③Pack smart．The heavier things should be packed closed to the back④Bend both knees when you pick up the pack，and don't just bend over at the waist （腰）．减轻学生负荷的建议，如果学生采取，他们可能会减轻他们的书包重量，故本题选C．

    点评 题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．

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