Question

【题目】根据短文内容, 完成图表中所缺信息。

Confucius’ life and thought

Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He acted as an official(官员) there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(156-87 BC) that his ideas were finally put into practice. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu.

Confucius’ teachings formed the base of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues(美德) and always do the right thing. Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought.

To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren(kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying(服从), and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace.

Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings, “Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you.” Another saying of his is “In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.”

It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world.

【1】 * working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * teaching in Qufu	Achievements * the book called Lunyu * the base of Chinese thought * a necessary part of 【2】 and 【3】. * a help for the development of China and the world		Main thought *【4】 * doing the right thing * building a peaceful society (he)
Virtues *ren: kindness, charity * yi: fairness *li: ceremony, tradition *zhi: knowledge * xin: trust * xiao: to love, respect, obey and take care of parents 【5】 is one of the virtues and people who believe in it will love everyone in the world.		Famous sayings A. Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you. B. In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher. Saying A teaches us how to 【6】 while Saying B is to tell people we can always 【7】.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Experiences

【2】Eastern thought

【3】Chinese culture

【4】developing virtues

【5】Ren

【6】treat others(and ourselves)/behave towards others

【7】learn from others

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了著名思想家孔子的生平及其思想。

【1】

根据本方框内容* working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * teaching in Qufu可知，此处是介绍孔子的经历。故答案为Experiences。

【2】

根据原文Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought可知，孔子的思想是东方思想的一个必要组成部分。故答案为Eastern thought

【3】

根据原文It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture可知，孔子的思想是中国文化的一个必要组成部分。故答案为Chinese culture。

【4】

根据原文To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese可知，孔子的主要思想有培养5种美德。故答案为developing virtues。

【5】

根据原文They are ren(kindness, charity), yi(fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust)可知，孔子提倡“仁义礼智信”五种美德，其中“仁”是一种美德，相信它的人会爱世界上的每一个人。故答案为Ren。

【6】

名言A意思为“己所不欲，勿施于人”，这句话教会人们的是如何对待他人以及自己。故答案为treat others(and ourselves)/ behave towards others。

【7】

名言B意思为“三人行必有我师焉”，这句话教会人们的是我们总能从其他人身上学到一些东西。故答案为learn from others。