Question

【题目】 Some believe that people are either smart or dumb. And if they are smart, everything is easy for them. 【1】 But they can improve the skills they have and develop new ones. What’s your opinion?

In fact, this is related to one’s mindset (思维模式). Dr. Carol Dweck, a psychology (心理学) professor at Stanford University, has discovered that people with a fixed mindset solve problems in a much different way from those with a growth mindset.

Dr. Dweck found people with a fixed mindset care about grades. When they make mistakes, they think it means they’re not smart【2】 They’re afraid of challenges, because if they don’t do well, they may look dumb. People with a growth mindset, on the other hand, care about learning, not grades. They learn from mistakes by trying different ways to solve problems or asking for help.

【3】 They discovered that students with a growth mindset do better in math; those with a fixed mindset do worse. Why? Kids with both mindsets do well in primary school, but middle school math is much harder. So while the growth-mindset kids embrace (拥抱)the challenge and work harder, the fixed-mindset kids may just give up. 【4】

But Dweck’s team discovered something even more important than that. They found that, with some work, kids can choose to have a growth mindset and do better in school. Everyone has some of each type of mindset. 【5】When you hear your fixed mindset voice telling you that you’re dumb, or that you’ll look stupid if you ask for help, or that learning a new skill is hard, talk back to it! Then you really can get smarter by working hard, practicing and challenging yourself!

A. Some people believe that everyone in the world is smart.

B. As a result, their grades drop.

C. They also care about how smart they look.

D. Some hold the belief that not everyone can become a genius(天才).

E. Dweck’s team found fixed-mindset kids can’t do well in primary school.

F. They are just like two kinds of voices in your head.

G. Dweck and her team did a research among middle school students.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】G

【4】B

【5】F

【解析】

短文讲了有些人认为人要么聪明，要么愚蠢，短文做了一个调查，并告诉我们如何调整好心态。

【1】细节推理题。根据前句Some believe that people are either smart or dumb. And if they are smart, everything is easy for them.有些人认为人要么聪明，要么愚蠢。如果他们聪明，一切都很容易和后句But they can improve 0the skills they have and develop new ones.但他们可以提高现有的技能，开发新的技能可知结合选项，应说有些人认为不是每个人都能成为天才，故选D。

【2】细节推理题。根据前句When they make mistakes, they think it means they're not smart.当他们犯错误时，他们认为这意味着他们不聪明和后句They're afraid of challenges, because if they don't do well, they may look dumb.他们害怕挑战，因为如果他们做得不好，他们可能看起来很傻，可知结合选项，应说他们也关心自己看上去有多聪明，故选C。

【3】细节推理题。根据后句They discovered that students with a growth mindset do better in math; those with a fixed mindset do worse.他们发现，成长型思维的学生在数学上做得更好；固定心态的学生更差。可知结合选项，应说Dweck和她的团队对中学生进行了研究，故选G。

【4】细节推理题。根据前句So while the growth-mindset kids embrace(拥抱）the challenge and work harder, the fixed-mindset kids may just give up.因此，当有成长意识的孩子接受挑战并更加努力地工作时，有固定思维的孩子可能会放弃。可知结合选项，应说结果，他们的成绩下降了。故选B。

【5】细节推理题。根据后句When you hear your fixed mindset voice telling you that you're dumb, or that you'll look stupid if you ask for help, or that learning a new skill is hard, talk back to it!当你听到你固定的心态告诉你你很笨，或者如果你请求帮助你会看起来很愚蠢，或者学习一种新的技能是困难的，请回过头来，可知结合选项，应说它们就像你脑海里的两种声音，故选F。