—Do you know the boy ____ is playing soccer there?
—Certainly, he is a friend of my _____
A.who; brother’s
B.who; brother
C.whom; brother’s
D.whose; brother
A
【解析】
试题分析:定语从句的引导词有关系代词who, whom,whose,which,that, as;关系副词when, where,why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。
1.定语从句中缺主语,修饰人时用who /that,修饰物时用which /that引导。
2.从句中缺宾语,修饰人时用 who /whom /that或省略引导词;修饰物时用which /that或省略引导词。
3.从句中缺时间状语,用when或介词+which引导。
4.从句中缺地点状语,用where或介词+which引导。
5.从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时,引导词用why /for which / that。
6.从句中缺定语,人和物都用 whose引导。
7.当先行词是way时,其定语从句的引导词用in which /that。
根据语境可知先行词是the boy是人,故用that或who,又因我弟弟的朋友应用A friend of my brother’s故选择A。
考点:定语从句的引导词
点评:定语从句的引导词的选择还应注意下列问题。1.关系代词who,whom,whose, which和as能引导非限制性定语从句,而that不能;非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语,引导词也不能省略;关系副词when,where能引导非限制性定语从句,而why不能。
2.先行词是物时,其引导词可用 which也可用that,通常情况下二者可互换,但在有些情况下不能。
A.用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况:
①非限制性定语从句用which,不用that引导。
②先行词为that时,为了避免重复,定语从句用which不用that引导。
③介词后用which不用that引导。
B.用that不用which的七种情况:
①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用 that不用which引导。
②先行词为little,much,all,none,few,(the)one, something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时,用that引导。
③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,用 that引导。
④先行词前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little, much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等词修饰时,用 that引导。
⑤先行词为which时,为了避免重复,用that引导。
⑥先行词在从句中作表语时,常用that引导。
⑦当主句是There be...句型时,用that引导。
3.在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致;当one前有the only修饰时,从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致。
4.引导词前有介词或短语介词时,修饰人只能用 whom,修饰物只能用which引导。
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