What is color? Why do some of the things around us look red, some green, other blue?
Colors are really made by reflected (反射) light. We see color because most of the things reflect light. Something is red, for it reflects most of the red light. In the same way, if some thing is green, it reflects most of the green light. If something reflects all light, it is white. If it doesn’t reflect any light, it is black.
Some of the light is reflected and some is taken in and turned into heat. The darker the color is, the less light is reflected, and the more light is taken in. So dark-colored clothes are warmer in the sun than light-colored clothes.
1 When something reflects light, we can ________.
A. see its color B. see its heat C. not see its color D. see nothing
2Something looks white because it reflects ________.
A. some light B. no light C. all light D. see nothing
3 The dark-colored clothes are warm because ________ is taken in.
A. more light B. less light C. more color D. less color
4 In summer ________ make people feel cool.
A. dark-colored clothes B. red-colored clothes
C. green-colored clothes D. light-colored clothes
科目：初中英语 来源：2011-2012学年福建省漳州正兴学校初三期中考试（上）英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
根据短文内容，选择正确的选项。
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means(交流方式). Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in a place, men moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad to all living things in the world, but it is not only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills fish and pollutes drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution. They stop the people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from blowing dirty smoke into the air.
The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution. It is mostly caused by heavy traffic. It is certain that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must try to control the growth of population at the same time.
【小题1】Our world is becoming much smaller .
| A．because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| B．because science is developing |
| C．because of the rise in population |
| D．because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
| A．much easier than | B．as easy as |
| C．as hard as | D．much harder than |
| A．water pollution | B．air pollution |
| C．noise pollution | D．rubbish |
| A．CO2 | B．H2O | C．SO2 | D．CO |
| A．it’s bad to all living things in the world |
| B．it makes much noise |
| C．it has made our rivers and lakes dirty |
| D．it makes us become angry more easily |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013届北京市丰台区中考一模考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Tony Buzan’s grades were going down at university. Disappointed with his low marks, he went to the library to find a book on how to use his brain. He was directed to the medical section. Confused, he said to the librarian, “I don’t want to take my brain out, I just want to learn how to use it.” Her reply was simple: “There’s no book on that.”
“I thought to myself,” says Buzan, “if I buy a little radio, I get an instruction manual (说明书). If I buy a microwave, I get an instruction manual. But for the most important machine in the world, no instruction manual?”
Fifty years later, Buzan has become the world’s leading speaker on the brain and learning. In the late 1960s, he invented the mind map, a visual representation of thought processes.
This kind of thinking has become a popular tool for planning, organizing, problem solving, and communicating across the world. He has since authored and co-authored over 100 books that have appeared in more than 30 languages.
“I think in most cases, people use less than 1 percent of their brains,” he says.
But how do you expand this 1 percent? How do you become the best student you can be?
According to Buzan, the answer is simple. You take a section of whatever it is that you are trying to learn, he says, and you read it for its essence (精髓、要素). Then you make a mind map of all the important details. For a truly effective mind map, you start with a colored image in the center of your page. Draw the first image that comes to mind on the topic you are mind mapping. Branch off from your central image and create one of your main ideas. From your main branches draw some sub-branches and from those sub-branches you can draw even more branches. He emphasizes that you should use plenty of images and colors as these help with memory recall and encourage creativity.
By using this visual format (形式), according to Buzan, your mind will begin to make associations that will help you remember more information for longer periods of time.
Buzan believes that traditional note-taking methods, such as lists and summaries, do not stimulate the brain’s recall capacity or ability in the same way. Because of this, students will often find themselves locked away in their rooms for hours, trying hard to memorize separate details. Buzan believes that for a more effective and lasting way of studying, you must first understand how your brain works.
“Everyone is born smart,” he says. “You just have to learn how to learn.”
【小题1】What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?
| A．To show that Tony Buzan was worried about his study. |
| B．To invite us to think about the importance of manuals. |
| C．To prove that the mind map is a useful tool for the brain. |
| D．To show why Tony Buzan studies the brain and learning. |
| A．Excite. | B．Improve. | C．Encourage. | D．Affect. |
| A．If we learn the mind map, we will become the best student. |
| B．The mind map will help your brain connect separate details. |
| C．The mind map will be more effective if we put more details in it. |
| D．We will solve the problem if we make connections between ideas. |
| A．How to make the mind map? |
| B．Is the mind map widely used? |
| C．Can your memory be mapped? |
| D．Is the mind map helpful in thinking? |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013-2014学年江苏省无锡市九年级上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. It is important to make the right impression(印象) from the first day. You’ll face new people. You will be in a new place.
It may be difficult to know what to do. Here are five tips to help you make it through the first days at a new job:
1. First impressions can last forever. Make sure you make a good one. Before your first day, find out if your new job has a dress code (rules about what you can wear to work). If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what, always be neat and clean.
2. Get to work on time. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time.
3. Pay attention to introductions. One of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers. These co-workers will be important to you. They are the ones who will answer your questions when the boss is not around.
4. Ask plenty of questions. Make sure that your supervisor has told you what is expected of you. If he or she has not told you your duties, ask for a list. Set daily and weekly goals for yourself.
5. Never be the first one to leave. Watch what your co-workers do around quitting time (下班时间). It does not look good for you to be eager(急切) to leave.
1.Before you arrive at work, you should __________.
A. dress in a right way
B. introduce yourself
C. know your duties
D. know your co-workers well
2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is True?
A. You should be the first one to arrive at work.
B. You should ask your co-workers for your duties.
C. You should not be eager to go back home.
D. You are required to arrive 15 minutes earlier.
3.According to the passage, your supervisor is most likely your __________.
A. visitor B. teacher C. workmate D. Leader
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科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年北京市丰台区中考一模考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Tony Buzan’s grades were going down at university. Disappointed with his low marks, he went to the library to find a book on how to use his brain. He was directed to the medical section. Confused, he said to the librarian, “I don’t want to take my brain out, I just want to learn how to use it.” Her reply was simple: “There’s no book on that.”
“I thought to myself,” says Buzan, “if I buy a little radio, I get an instruction manual (说明书). If I buy a microwave, I get an instruction manual. But for the most important machine in the world, no instruction manual?”
Fifty years later, Buzan has become the world’s leading speaker on the brain and learning. In the late 1960s, he invented the mind map, a visual representation of thought processes.
This kind of thinking has become a popular tool for planning, organizing, problem solving, and communicating across the world. He has since authored and co-authored over 100 books that have appeared in more than 30 languages.
“I think in most cases, people use less than 1 percent of their brains,” he says.
But how do you expand this 1 percent? How do you become the best student you can be?
According to Buzan, the answer is simple. You take a section of whatever it is that you are trying to learn, he says, and you read it for its essence (精髓、要素). Then you make a mind map of all the important details. For a truly effective mind map, you start with a colored image in the center of your page. Draw the first image that comes to mind on the topic you are mind mapping. Branch off from your central image and create one of your main ideas. From your main branches draw some sub-branches and from those sub-branches you can draw even more branches. He emphasizes that you should use plenty of images and colors as these help with memory recall and encourage creativity.
By using this visual format (形式), according to Buzan, your mind will begin to make associations that will help you remember more information for longer periods of time.
Buzan believes that traditional note-taking methods, such as lists and summaries, do not stimulate the brain’s recall capacity or ability in the same way. Because of this, students will often find themselves locked away in their rooms for hours, trying hard to memorize separate details. Buzan believes that for a more effective and lasting way of studying, you must first understand how your brain works.
“Everyone is born smart,” he says. “You just have to learn how to learn.”
1.What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?
A．To show that Tony Buzan was worried about his study.
B．To invite us to think about the importance of manuals.
C．To prove that the mind map is a useful tool for the brain.
D．To show why Tony Buzan studies the brain and learning.
2.What does the word “stimulate” mean in the passage?
A．Excite. B．Improve. C．Encourage. D．Affect.
3.What can we infer from the passage?
A．If we learn the mind map, we will become the best student.
B．The mind map will help your brain connect separate details.
C．The mind map will be more effective if we put more details in it.
D．We will solve the problem if we make connections between ideas.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to make the mind map?
B．Is the mind map widely used?
C．Can your memory be mapped?
D．Is the mind map helpful in thinking?
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011-2012学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区初三中考二模英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The centerpiece of curling(冰壶)is the curling stone. Kays of Scotland has been making curling stones since 1851, when William Kay and his sons Andrew and Thomas set up a workshop in Mauchline, Ayrshire, in southwest Scotland. Kays is still owned by the relatives of the founder, and today it is the only curling stone maker left in Scotland.
Used in a highly competitive sport, the curling stones are made to exact standards. First, stones are sliced and then into round “cheeses”. Finally, the cheeses are shaped and polished into curling stones in a series of steps.
Each stone must weigh 44 pounds. Each must have a maximum diameter (直径) of 36 inches. Polishing is done by hand on a wheel using water, diamond-talcum power, and felt. Finishing the stone’s “running edge” is done entirely by hand with a special kind of paper and a digital measure and magnifying glass (放大镜). Lastly, a handle(把手) is fitted into holes on the top of the stone. Stones are computer-matched into pairs. Sixteen stones----8 pairs----are needed for a game, and since curling game field usually have 6 lanes, each game field needs 96 matched stones!
Kays is a small company, employing less than ten skilled workers. Master craftsman and co-owner James Wyllie is skilled at all phases of curling stone making and is also an enthusiastic curler, as well as active member of Mauchline’s Burns Club, which meets regularly to honor well-known Mauchline residents.
【小题1 】What is true about Kays?
A. It is a family business.
B. It’s a brand(牌子) of curling stones.
C. It’s a place in Scotland.
D. It’s the name of a curling stone dealer(业者).
【小题 2】How many curling stones are needed for two games happening at the same time?
A. 8 B. 16 C. 32 D. 96
【小题 3】What does the underlined word “sliced” mean in Chinese in the second paragraph?
A. 切割 B. 镶嵌 C. 移开 D. 固定
【小题 4】Which of the following statements is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?
A. Kays of Scotland has been curling stone maker for more than 150 years.
B. The weight of each curling stone must be 44 pounds.
C. We use a special machine to polish the curling stone.
D. The workers in Kays are all experienced.
【小题 5】What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The history of curling.
B. How to make a curling stone.
C. The rules of curling.
D. How to become a curling stone maker.
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