精英家教网 > 初中英语 > 题目详情
How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people think begin counting with their first fingers, which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.
Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have word for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.
In a similar study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量),not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math, too.
小题1:The writer begins with the four questions in order to______.
A.make a surveyB.interest readers
C.tell a storyD.solve math problems
小题2:What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China?
A.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.
B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.
C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting
D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.
小题3:Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians?
A.They have only a few words for numbers
B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers
C.They can only count to five on their fingers
D.They can understand different ideas about numbers
小题4:The study of the Piraha tribe shows that____
A.people all over the world know how to count
B.People of the tribe have words for number
C.Some groups of people are not smart enough to count
D.Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe
小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math
B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans
C.In some aboriginal culture,people don’t even know how to count
D.Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers.

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:A

试题分析:这篇短文中作者给我们介绍的是关于数字和数学,不同的文化有不同的观点。不同文化的国家里,人们数数的方式是不同的,有些国家里根本没有表示数字的单词,他们不用数字来数数,但是他们同样理解关于数字的想法,故数字和数学并不是一回事。
小题1:推理判断题。作者在这篇短文的开头连续问了四个问题,How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers?你从一数到十有多快?你用十个不同的词来数吗?你能用英语数吗,还是用你的母语?你用手指数吗?用这些问题开头的目的是一下子吸引读者的注意力,让读者对接下来作者要说的事情产生兴趣。故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。短文的第二段中作者分别举了美国和中国人用手指数数的例子,美国人是先伸出第一个手指,然后再伸出其他的手指,最后是拇指,这样数到五,再用同样的方法伸出另一只手,数到十;而中国人用不同的手指的位置数数。通过这样的对比,作者想告诉我们不同文化的国家,使用不同的手指数数的方式,故选C。
小题3:推理判断题。根据短文第三段中However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers可知选项是正确的;根据They don’t even have word for numbers.可知A是不对的;根据These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers可知B是不对的;根据第三段的内容可知,澳大利亚的土著居民没有表示数字的单词,也没有动作来代表数字,但是他们仍然能理解关于数字的不同的想法。故选D。
小题4:细节理解题。根据短文第四段的内容可知,这一段中作者给我们举了一个部落的例子,这个部落里没有关于数字的单词,他们也不用数字来数数。They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up他们可以学数数,但是在他们的文化里,那是没用的,所以他们也不学。由此可知选D。
小题5:主旨大意题。这篇短文中作者给我们介绍的是关于数字和数学,不同的文化有不同的观点。不同文化的国家里,人们数数的方式是不同的,有些国家里根本没有表示数字的单词,他们不用数字来数数,但是他们同样理解关于数字的想法,故数字和数学并不是一回事。故选A。
练习册系列答案
相关习题

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment? As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury (埋葬) it in the garden and wait for it to flower(开花). A biodegradable (生物可降解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage users to recycle. Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any poisonous(有毒的)chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that includes a sunflower seed .When this new type of cover turns into waste, it forms nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. Engineers have designed a small transparent (透明的) window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. “We’ve only put sunflower seeds into the cover so far. But we are working with scientists to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time.” said one scientist.
As phone technology is developing so quickly, people are constantly(不断)throwing their mobiles away. This means producers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can change this, according to the scientists.
根据短文内容,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳答案。(10分)
小题1: After you have finished using the new type of mobile phone, _______.
A.the phone will do harm to the environment
B.the phone cover will break down easily in the soil you bury it
C.it will be recycled by the producers
D.it can be sent back to the shops.
小题2: Which of the following is wrong about the cover of the new type of phone?
A.It can help the sunflower seed after the mobile phone breaks down.
B.It looks like normal plastics but it can break down.
C.It includes a sunflower seed.
D.It makes sure the seed only grows after the phone is thrown away.
小题3:The new type of phone can reduce the harm to the environment mainly ______.
A.because of the material of its cover
B.because of the sunflower seed
C.because it’s made of no poisonous chemicals
D.because you bury it in the soil after you finish with it
小题4: This type of research is done because ________.
A.the technology that produces mobile phones is changing quickly
B.users are constantly throwing their mobiles away
C.nobody has ever thought of recycling mobile phones
D.producing mobile phones uses a lot of energy, so this has become a very big problem for the environment
小题5:We can guess from the story ________.
A.the new type of mobile phones is already on the market
B.the new type of mobile phones will sell very well
C.recycling mobile phones is not useful to the environment
D.other flowers may be used in the new type of mobile phones

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

 Scientists have made the world’s first human-sheep----with the body of a sheep and half-human organs(器官). Amazing, but true. The sheep is15percent human and 85 percent sheep. The breakthrough(突破)makes it possible to use animal organs in human bodies in the future. Professor Esmail Zanjani of University of Nevada, US, has spent seven years And over $9 million on the work. Zanjani took stem cells(干细跑) from the human body and put them into the sheep while it was still in its mother’s body. The stem cells made other cells that grew into organs. Zanjani believe that in the future such sheep might be used to help humans. Two months later a human-sheep is born, it has a liver(肝脏), heart, ling(肺) and brain that are part-human. These organs could be used to help people in need of them. There are different opinions about his work, however. Some say that scientists don’t have the right to create new creature(生物). Using animal organ might bring animal viruses(病毒) into human bodies. Others are afraid that the work might change sheep. But Professor Anjani has said that this is impossible.
小题1: According to the passage, we know that the first human-sheep looks like________.
A.a sheepB.a goat
C.a catD.an elephant
小题2: The appearance(出现) of the first human-sheep means_________.
A.sheep will be cleverer and stronger in the future
B.sheep are as important as human in the future
C.sheep will take the place of humans in the future
D.animal organs may be used in human bodies
小题3:Some people think it’s not good to use animal organs because they’re afraid that _____
A.humans will change into animals
B.There will be fewer and fewer animals in the future
C.the organs may bring animal viruses into human bodies
D.many animals will be dead after they give their organs to humans
小题4:. Zanjani put some stem cell from the human body and put them into the sheep while it was still in its mother’s body. He “____________” .
A.created a new stem cellB.created a new creature
C.created a new organD.created a new food
小题5: According to the passage, “__________” is not true.
A.The world’s first human-sheep is 15% percent human and 85% sheep
B.The world’s first human-sheep has many organs that are part-human
C.Zanjani created the world’s first human-sheep to make the sheep grows faster
D.The world’s first human-sheep is a sheep with the body of a sheep and half-human organs.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:完形填空

根据短文内容,从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
It is two months since MH730 first went missing in the early hours of March 8th, while flying from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. Malaysia Airlines said it was terribly sorry that MH370 ended in the southern Indian Ocean. People are losing hope that the passengers on the      could return alive and realize they should know how to save themselves when accidents like this happen in the air.
  1985, an Australia professor, Ed Galea, has interviewed 2,000 survivors of 105 airplane accidents, searching for the keys to survival (n.幸存) and found out      golden rules after years of research.
First, make sure that the airline does not keep your family members too far away on the plane, if you are traveling in family group.     ? It’s natural that while feeling in danger, you’ll probably want to meet the family before you can calmly move out.
Second, how do you untie (解开) your seat belt on a plane? By lifting a latch.            you can’t untie your seat belt, you can hardly run away and your chances of survival will drop.
Third, the           to the exits (逃生口), the more likely you are to survive. Count exactly how many rows you are from the nearest two exits. Why two exits? Because this helps you find at least               even in the sudden dark during an accident.
Fourth, we would be safer if airline seats faced backward, according to Galea’s research. But the problem is that most of the passengers              traveling with their back facing the direction of travel.
Fifth, “Smoke is dangerous to your health. If you take in too much of it, your will die,” explains Galea. You must learn how to use a smoke mask. Without the knowledge of putting on a mask, you’ll              time trying to put it on—time that could be used to run away.
At last, listen to the flight attendants before flying and look      at everything shown on a video or a safety card. Always be prepared. Good luck to you.
小题1:
A.trainB.planeC.busD.ship
小题2:
A.InB.FromC.SinceD.On
小题3:
A.fourB.fiveC.sixD.seven
小题4:
A.WhoB.HowC.WhenD.Why
小题5:
A.UnlessB.IfC.UntilD.After
小题6:
A.closeB.closerC.farD.farther
小题7:
A.allB.themC.oneD.both
小题8:
A.don’t likeB.enjoyC.hopeD.don’t want
小题9:
A.saveB.haveC.wasteD.enjoy
小题10:
A.carefulB.carefullyC.carelessD.carelessly

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:完形填空

Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me _____ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have___  _ many ideas. _______ important idea is that I want to be a better man.
Many things make human beings different _______ or better than or even superior (优越于)to animals. One of the most important things is ______. If I fail to receive higher education,  my education_____. As I want to be a fully _______ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to_________.
I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are ______ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better man and __  _  _ serve the people.
小题1:
A.quiteB.soC.suchD.another
小题2:
A.come up withB.agreed withC.been fed up withD.got on well with
小题3:
A.Most B.The mostC.MoreD.Much
小题4:
A.toB.aroundC.between D.from
小题5:
A.educationB.weather C.temperatureD.science
小题6:
A.finishedB.don’t finishC.will not finishD.has finished
小题7:
A.develop B.developedC.developingD.experience
小题8:
A.improveB.graduateC.hearD.provide
小题9:
A.betweenB.amongC.insideD.outside
小题10:
A.can goodB.may bestC.be able to betterD.be able to best

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight(手电筒) getting power from the holder's body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research.
Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google's international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition.
Winning the science and technology competition was "a surprise". Ann said, "I think it will have a great influence on my future."
Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest in science and said that her first toy was a box of transistors(晶体管).
Ann's prize includes $ 25,000 and a "once in a-lifetime expericnce" from Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries.
The idea for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and her friend's experience. When Ann visited a friend in the Philippines, she saw the friend couldn't study when it became dark because there was no electricity or light. She saw the need for a flashlight that has no batteries - Hollow Flashlight.
In her project, Ann wrote "I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight needs at least a 5℃ temperature difference between the holder's body and the environment around to produce light."
A video of Ann explaining how she creatcd the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million times on the Internet.
Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hopes that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together.
The four winners were chosen from 15 final competitors from eight countries. The competition attracted thousands of students in 120 countries.

小题1:In which part of a newspaper can we probably read this passage?
A.Travel.B.Culture.C.Technology. D.Advertisement.
小题2: The first paragraph is written to be a(n) ________.
A.introduction B.warningC.argumentD.discussion
小题3:Paragraph 6 mainly tells us ________.
A.what Ann saw in the PhilippinesB.why Ann invented Hollow Flashlight
C.how Ann's family encouraged her interestD.what prize Ann got for Hollow Flashlight
小题4:According to the passage, we learn ________.
A.easy to win the international science competition
B.Hollow Flashlight is safe, noiseless and can save energy
C.Ann has made a decision to be a scientist in the future
D.few people are interested in how Ann created the flashlight

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

Yang Nan, 17, was happy to move to her new home in a northern area of Beijing. She was told that her neighborhood used to be rich farmland planted with vegetables, corn and wheat. But looking at the new road, beautiful parks and supermarkets, to her surprise, Yang couldn't see any sign that food was once grown there.
Yang is not alone. In recent years, many Chinese people have moved into new houses in country areas. Tall buildings have been built everywhere in the suburbs. The crops and fruit trees are no more grown there. But these changes have caused big problems too, warns Gan Zangchun, an official(官员)at the Ministry of Land and Resources(国土资源部).
"Chinese cities are growing very fast. This has made the area for farmland much smaller than before. This is really bad for the country's ability to grow food, not to mention the lives of farmers," said Gan last Monday.
As the population of China is growing all the time, the country needs more farmland to grow food for the increasing people of China. But the recent rise in house prices has made selling land a good business. A lot of land has been used to build new houses for sale. So you can see, the shortage of the farmland is now a very serious problem.
Pollution, such as, oil pollution, industrial(工业) pollution and water pollution, which makes land useless, is another reason for the big drop in China's farmland. About 2.67 million square kilometers of land in China have been polluted and turned into desert.
Today, can we use less farmland to grow enough food for more people? Of course not! The government wants China to have at least 120 million hectares(公顷) of farmland. Only in this way can we raise such a big population. But there are only about 121.8 million hectares left. "It will be really difficult to reach the goal", Gan said. He said that the government would fight illegal(非法的) land use and something useful must be done to stop farmland from becoming desert.
小题1:The article seems to tell us that_____________.
A.farmland is in danger
B.countryside is turned into towns
C.farmland has been sold
D.Chinese cities are growing fast
小题2:From what Gan Zangchun said, we know he is worrying about ____________.
A.China's development is too slow
B.the population of China is growing fast
C.Chinese people have worse life than before
D.the reduction(减少) and pollution of the farmland
小题3:What size of the land have been polluted and turned into desert?
A.120 million hectares.
B.121.8 million hectares.
C.2.67 million square kilometers.
D.Millions of square kilometers.
小题4:Which statement of the following is NOT true?
A.Yang Nan's new home is in a northern area of Beijing.
B.The country needs enough farmland so that the farmers can grow enough food for the people of China.
C.Chinese cities are growing too slowly so the government encourages people to change the farmland into towns.
D.Pollution is also an important reason for the big drop in China's farmland.
小题5:What will the government do with the problem of the drop in China's farmland?
A.Government needs farmland to grow food for the people of China.
B.Government will order not to build new towns any more.
C.Government will stop the growth of the cities in order to stop selling farmland for business.
D.Government will fight illegal land use and stop farmland from becoming dessert.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

There is a famous English saying "You are what you eat", and it means what you put in your mouth will become part of you. Many experts(专家) use it to tell people it's important to have a good eating habit. For example, too much sweet food makes a person overweight. To avoid being fat, kids are told to keep off sweet food. However, a team of American scientists have discovered something new about eating sweet food.
"When we say some people 'sweet', we mean they are kind and friendly to us. Perhaps this word can help us learn more about people's feelings and acts." said Brian Meier, a scientist from the study team. "Taste is something we experience every day. What we have done is to find whether we can know someone's character and behavior depending on their taste."
In one of their experiments, college students were asked questions about their character- whether, for example, they were soft-hearted or not. Then they were asked to make a list of their favorite food. According to their answers, the scientists found that the students who liked sweet food were nicer.
In their another experiment, the scientists found that people who preferred sweet food such as cookies and chocolate were more willing to help other people in need, and those who ate non-sweet food such as chips weren't. For example, people with a sweet tooth were more likely to volunteer to clean up their city, visit sick children in the hospital and so on.
The result of the experiments is that people's helpfulness or being nice has something to do with their taste for sweet food. So eating sweet food is a useful way to make people nice and helpful. Next time, try some ice-cream.
小题1:The underlined word "it" in the sentence "Many experts use it to tell people it's important to have a good eating habit." refers to______.
A.the sweet foodB.the English saying
C.the American teamD.the eating habit
小题2:According to the result of the experiments, sweet food makes people______.
A.overweightB.excitedC.relaxedD.friendly
小题3:The scientists found that the people who preferred______ were less helpful.
A.chipsB.chocolateC.ice-creamD.cookies
小题4:It can be learnt from the passage that______.
A.scientists asked college students questions about their future
B.scientists told college students not to eat sweet food
C.people with a sweet tooth are more willing to help others
D.people's character has nothing to do with their taste

查看答案和解析>>

科目:初中英语 来源:不详 题型:阅读理解

Everybody hates rats. But rats may soon be man’s new good friend.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue(援救)dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal(信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark, they are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but a scientist says, “It would be great. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course).
小题1:In the writer’s opinion, rats may become man’s new friend because         .
A.they can be food for people
B.they can help rescuers to find living people
C.they are lovely
D.they can completely replace man’s rescue jobs
小题2:What does the underlined word “this” mean?
A.An earthquake.
B.The rat has smelled a person
C.The rat has smelled that someone is alive
D.The rat has found a robot.
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Rats don’t need electricity.
B.Rats are better than robots when smelling.
C.Rats are as clever as radios.
D.Rats can see things in the dark when doing rescues.
小题4:Why does the “rat project” sound great according to the passage?
A.Because rats can get into very small spaces.
B.Because rats have better noses than dogs.
C.Because rats don’t like robots.
D.Because rats are brave.
小题5:Which is the best title of this passage?
A.Ways of saving peopleB.Rats and robotsC.After earthquakeD.Rats for rescue

查看答案和解析>>

同步练习册答案