Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa. It is also the second largest lake in the world. It is an important lake because it is one of the sources(源头) for the longest river in the world, the Nile River. Lake Victoria provides a source of water, food, and power(电力) for several African countries. Lake Victoria is a big part of African life.
Unfortunately, Lake Victoria has a problem. It is shrinking. There are several power stations at Lake Victoria in Uganda. These are on the Nile River, and besides producing power, they keep the water of the lake at a certain level. For the past forty years, that level has been 11.9 meters. Over the last several years, the water level has dropped by about 2.5 meters. There seem to be several reasons for this drop.
One possible reason is drought(干旱). Drought has been very bad in the area since 2000. Lake Victoria gets all of its water from rain, so the drought means less water in the lake.
However, some environmentalists believe that the real problem is the power plants(工厂) on Lake Victoria. Uganda depends on those power plants for most of its power, and they made the power plants larger in 2000. Many people believe the power plants have been taking too much water off Lake Victoria. As a result, they have been asked to use less water until Lake Victoria goes back to its old level.
Whether the low water level is caused by drought or power plants, the result is the same. This is already a poor area of Africa, where many people live a really hard life. People, animals and plants around Lake Victoria will suffer even more from low water levels on the lake. Many people need Lake Victoria for fishing or growing food. Fish need the water to live, and animals need it for water. Plants around the lake will die without the water, and then more animals and people will suffer. Unless the lake fills soon, many people will suffer and die.
【小题1】Lake Victoria is __________.
| A．an important lake in Africa |
| B．the largest lake in the world |
| C．the source of water, food and power for America |
| D．the only source for the Nile River |
| A．It is becoming larger. |
| B．It is becoming more beautiful. |
| C．It is becoming smaller. |
| D．It is becoming more useful. |
| A．2.5 meters | B．11.9 meters | C．14.4 meters | D．9.4 meters |
| A．People must build more power plants. |
| B．More sources of water must be found. |
| C．Every country should offer some money to Africa. |
| D．All the people living in the area should move to another place. |
【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
解析试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述了非洲的水资源短缺问题，虽然乌干达建造水电站利用尼罗河上的水资源，但并不是造成水资源短缺的唯一问题，故非洲想要解决这一局面，只有寻找更多的水源。
【小题1】根据第一段It is an important lake because it is one of the sources(源头) for the longest river in the world, the Nile River. 描述，可知选A。
【小题2】联系本段下文描述，可知此处指的是这条河流在变小，故选C。
【小题3】根据第二段For the past forty years, that level has been 11.9 meters. Over the last several years, the water level has dropped by about 2.5 meters. 计算可知11.9-2.5=9.4，故选D。
【小题4】根据第三段Uganda depends on those power plants for most of its power,描述，可知水电站需要水，故选项C描述错误。
【小题5】根据短文最后一段描述，可知围绕维多利亚湖的问题，解决的最好办法是寻找更多的水源，故选B。
考点：关于非洲水资源的说明文阅读
点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。对于有关数字的问题,要认真分析,并进行必要的计算.
科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年江苏泰兴实验初级中学八年级上学期期末考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Dear Mr Heppell,
I am Sabrina Akhtar studying in a high school and I’ve noticed that forests are disappearing (消失).
You know, forest are disappearing around the world each year. This is because of many different reasons including, farming, tourism pollution(旅游污染), etc, If we stop doing these things, there will be a good future for people of tomorrow.
Now I’m writing to ask you to help stop forests from disappearing. You can help by getting shops to stop selling paper made from trees and changing to tree-free paper (paper not made from trees). This will help forests so much . There are many , many things we can do to help forests. If you would like to know more, please visit http://www.Rainforestweb.Org/. By changing the little things, we can make a big difference.
If you would like to contact ( 联系 ) me, please see the above address or e-mail me at shazadinol @ hotmail.co.uk. Thank you for taking your time in reading this letter.
Yours sincerely
Sabrina Akhtar
【小题1】 The writer of this letter is ______.
| A．a student | B．a teacher |
| C．an officer | D．a driver |
| A．Rain | B．Tourism pollution |
| C．Planting | D．Breathing |
| A．stop shops from using paper any more |
| B．use paper which is made from tress |
| C．stop shops selling paper made from trees |
| D．plant more and more trees in the future |
| A．By calling her | B．By interviewing her |
| C．By visiting her | D．By e-mailing her |
| A．To know more about Mr. Heppell |
| B．To make friends with Mr. Heppell |
| C．To ask Mr. Heppell to teach in the school |
| D．To ask Mr. Heppell to help protect forests |
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Steve Jobs was one of the fathers of the personal computer times and the founder of Apple. He was also one of the giants of the information age. Here are some of his greatest contributions.
| AppleⅡ Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers inc.in 1976. A year later, the AppleⅡwas invented. This production was the world’s first mass-market personal computer. |
| The iMac Under Job’s leadership, Apple introduced the all-in-one iMac computer in 1988. The iMac became the first machine which offered only a CD-ROM slot (插槽). |
| The iPad By 2010, Steve Jobs was confident that the world was ready to have a tablet computer that would be great for watching movies and playing games. The touch-sen-sitive iPad was a great success. |
| The iPhone 4s The iPhone 4s came out on October 4, 2011, in America. It looks like the iPhone 4. It has a larger and wider screen and a slimmer yet wider case. It has a better camera and faster data transfer (数据传输) speeds. |
| A．In 1976 | B．In 1977. | C．In 1998. | D．In 2010. |
| A．People could play games on it. |
| B．It offered only one CD-ROM slot. |
| C．It had one camera in it. |
| D．It had a larger screen. |
| A．The iPhone 4s. |
| B．The AppleⅡ. |
| C．The iPad. |
| D．The iMac. |
| A．has a better camera |
| B．is the first personal computer |
| C．has a CD-ROM slot |
| D．is great for watching movies |
| A．Its screen is the same size as the iPhone 4. |
| B．It has a smaller screen and slimmer case than the iPhone 4. |
| C．It has a larger screen and a better camera than the iPhone 4. |
| D．It uses more time to transfer the same date than the iPhone 4. |
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Tony Buzan’s grades were going down at university. Disappointed with his low marks, he went to the library to find a book on how to use his brain. He was directed to the medical section. Confused, he said to the librarian, “I don’t want to take my brain out, I just want to learn how to use it.” Her reply was simple: “There’s no book on that.”
“I thought to myself,” says Buzan, “if I buy a little radio, I get an instruction manual (说明书). If I buy a microwave, I get an instruction manual. But for the most important machine in the world, no instruction manual?”
Fifty years later, Buzan has become the world’s leading speaker on the brain and learning. In the late 1960s, he invented the mind map, a visual representation of thought processes.
This kind of thinking has become a popular tool for planning, organizing, problem solving, and communicating across the world. He has since authored and co-authored over 100 books that have appeared in more than 30 languages.
“I think in most cases, people use less than 1 percent of their brains,” he says.
But how do you expand this 1 percent? How do you become the best student you can be?
According to Buzan, the answer is simple. You take a section of whatever it is that you are trying to learn, he says, and you read it for its essence (精髓、要素). Then you make a mind map of all the important details. For a truly effective mind map, you start with a colored image in the center of your page. Draw the first image that comes to mind on the topic you are mind mapping. Branch off from your central image and create one of your main ideas. From your main branches draw some sub-branches and from those sub-branches you can draw even more branches. He emphasizes that you should use plenty of images and colors as these help with memory recall and encourage creativity.
By using this visual format (形式), according to Buzan, your mind will begin to make associations that will help you remember more information for longer periods of time.
Buzan believes that traditional note-taking methods, such as lists and summaries, do not stimulate the brain’s recall capacity or ability in the same way. Because of this, students will often find themselves locked away in their rooms for hours, trying hard to memorize separate details. Buzan believes that for a more effective and lasting way of studying, you must first understand how your brain works.
“Everyone is born smart,” he says. “You just have to learn how to learn.”
【小题1】What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?
| A．To show that Tony Buzan was worried about his study. |
| B．To invite us to think about the importance of manuals. |
| C．To prove that the mind map is a useful tool for the brain. |
| D．To show why Tony Buzan studies the brain and learning. |
| A．Excite. | B．Improve. | C．Encourage. | D．Affect. |
| A．If we learn the mind map, we will become the best student. |
| B．The mind map will help your brain connect separate details. |
| C．The mind map will be more effective if we put more details in it. |
| D．We will solve the problem if we make connections between ideas. |
| A．How to make the mind map? |
| B．Is the mind map widely used? |
| C．Can your memory be mapped? |
| D．Is the mind map helpful in thinking? |
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Many people hurt their backs when they try to lift heavy things from the floor. It is easy to hurt your back muscle(肌肉) when you try to pick up a heavy thing. However, there is a correct way to lift things from the floor. If you pick up heavy things correctly, you probably will not hurt your back.
To lift something from the floor correctly, first bend (弯曲) your knees and lower yourself. Keep your back straight. Do not bent over, from your waist (腰) keep your back and hips (臀部) and waist in a line. If you bent over, the muscles in your lower back can became hurt very easily. If you keep your back and hips straight, the muscles are stronger, because they hold up together. The other muscles can then help the lower back muscles.
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To lift the thing, you should stand up slowly. Use your leg muscles in order to stand up. In other words, lift with your legs, not with your back.
【小题1】Which part of your body is more easily to be hurt when you lift heavy things?
| A．The leg muscles. | B．The back muscles |
| C．The hips | D．The knees |
| A．they are not strong |
| B．the things are very heavy |
| C．the way to lift the things is not correct |
| D．they are very heavy |
| A．keep your back, hips and waist in a line |
| B．bend over from your waist |
| C．lower yourself |
| D．get down on your knees |
| A．stand up slowly |
| B．keep your back straight |
| C．bend your knees |
| D．put one knee on each side |
| A．总而言之 | B．换句话说 | C．在其它话中 | D．在其它单词中 |
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The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and TV, telephone and so on. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has also brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
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Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad to all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city.
The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
【小题1】Our world is becoming much smaller _______.
| A．because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| B．thanks to science development |
| C．because of the rise in population |
| D．because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
| A．much easier than | B．as easy as | C．as hard as | D．much harder than |
| A．Water pollution | B．air pollution | C．noise pollution | D．rubbish |
| A．it’s bad to all living things in the world | B．it makes much noise |
| C．it has made our rivers and lakes dirty | D．it makes us become angry more easily |
| A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. |
| B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s population does. |
| C．From now on, maybe people should try to go to work by bus or bike instead of car ormotorbike. It is helpful to fight against the problem of SO2. |
| D．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are so many people |
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I am sure you have a mobile phone. Now functions (功能) of the mobile phones have greatly expanded (扩张). Maybe your mobile phone can take photos【小题1】________ Mine can get online or get on QQ. So the mobile phone not only can make telephone calls. You can do a lot of things with the mobile phones, Such as sending and receiving messages, listening to the music and playing games.
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The important thing is that many companies said your phone fee won't go up although you can do all these things【小题4】 It is reported that about two years later, all of the 3G mobile phones will be used in any part of our country.
| A. His mobile phone can play MP3 or MP4. B. You can also watch movies on this kind of mobile phone. C. So many people hope they can use 3G mobile phones at once. D. Our government allows three companies to support 3G mobile phones. |
| A．mobile phones | B．the fee of the mobile phones |
| C．3G mobile phones | D．the functions of the mobile phones |
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When you watch TV and play video games you make global(全球的) warming worse! It may seem hard to believe, but when electricity is made, so are greenhouse gases(温室气体). This means that every time you use electricity you help make global warming worse!
Cars are also making global warming worse. They burn fossil fuels(化石燃料) in their engines, and send lots of greenhouse gases into the air.
Global warming may be a big problem, but we can all help stop it. People can try to drive their cars less. Or even get ones that run on sunlight! You can also help. Let’s try one of these top ideas:
(1) Try to use less electricity. Turn off lights, your television, and your computer when you’ve stopped using them. To make electricity, fossil fuels are burned in big factories. But burning fossil fuels also makes greenhouse gases. You should also try to watch less TV.
(2) Plant trees. Not only is it a fun thing to do, but it is also a great way to lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air when they grow.
(3) Don’t throw away your rubbish, try to recycle it. If rubbish is not recycled, it is put in the ground. There it rots(腐烂) and makes a greenhouse gas called methane(甲烷).So try to recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. It’ll make you feel great! And it’ll help the Earth.
【小题1】If we _____, we may make global warming worse.
| A．use less electricity | B．drive a car on sunlight |
| C．plant trees | D．throw away rubbish |
| A．turning off lights | B．shutting down computers |
| C．turning up CD players | D．turning off TV |
| A．Methane | B．Cans | C．Newspapers | D．Bottles |
| A．the less electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced |
| B．the more electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced |
| C．more electricity is used, less greenhouse gases are produced |
| D．less electricity is used, more greenhouse gases are produced |
| A．Driving cars on sunlight helps to stop global warming. |
| B．When cars burn fossil fuels, they produce greenhouse gases. |
| C．When trees grow, they send carbon dioxide into the air. |
| D．By planting more trees, we can lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011-2012学年江苏省无锡市玉祁初级中学初二下学期期中英语试卷（带解析） 题型：完型填空
Now, most people have watches. As we know, Switzerland（瑞士） is famous for its watches. (1) , the watch was not ( 2) in this country. It was the British who did. Many years ago, an Englishman traveled to Italy and on his way he went (3) a small town in Switzerland. This Englishman traveled in a carriage（马车） inside which there was a carriage watch. This was the _(4) kind of watch. A blacksmith’s（铁匠） assistant hoped to see the watch. He (5) what it was. (6) he asked the Englishman about it. “ It is a carriage watch,” said the Englishman. “ This machine can tell the (7) but now it isn’t working.”
At once the blacksmith’s assistant（助理）decided to try to (8) it. So the traveler handed him the watch. He was very (9). So it was not surprising that he was (10) in showing it right. He even remembered how it was made. As soon as the traveler had gone, he made a watch of exactly（精确地） the same kind.
So the watch-making was started in Switzerland. Today Swiss watches are sold all over the world.
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