19．
About 180years ago in a small village in England，a mail coach（邮车）was standing in the street．Around the coach many people were talking about it．
At that time，mail coach did not come to that village so often．People had to pay a lot of money to get a letter．The person sending the letter did not have to pay．The person getting the letter had to pay the postage （邮资）．
"Here's a letter for Miss Alice Brown，"said the mailman．Everyone turned to a girl of about eighteen who was standing by the coach．"I'm Alice Brown，"she said in a low voice．The mailman gave her the letter．
Alice looked at the envelope for a minute，and then handed it back to the mailman．
"I'm sorry I can't take it，"she said．"I don't have enough money to pay the postage．"
The people standing around were very sorry for the girl．Then a gentleman came up to the mailman and paid the postage for Alice's letter．
When the gentleman gave her the letter，she said with a smile，"Oh，thank you very much，sir．This letter is from my boy friend．His name is Tom．He went to London to look for work．He has to get enough money for our marriage．I've waited a long time for this letter，but now don't need it．I don't have to open the envelope because there is nothing inside．"
"Really？"the gentleman said in surprise．"How do you know that？""He told me that he would put some signs on the envelope．Look，sir，this cross in the corner means that he is well，and this circle means he has found work．That's very good news．"
The gentleman was Sir Rowland Hill．He did not forget Alice and her letter．
"The postage to be paid by the receiver has to be changed，"he said to himself．He thought and thought for many years．At last he had a good plan．
"The postage has to be much lower，"he said．"What about a penny （便士） for a letter？And the person sending the letter pays the postage．He has to buy a stamp and put it on the envelope．"
"A good idea!"people said when they heard of his plan．
The government decided to adopt the plan．The first postage stamp was put out in 1840．It was called the"Penny Black"．It had a picture of the Queen on it．
47．The first postage stamp was madeA．
A．in England
B．in America
C．by Alice
D．by the Queen
48．The girl handed the letter back to the mailman becauseD．
A．she couldn't pay the postage
B．she did not know whose letter it was
C．the gentleman promised to pay the postage for her
D．the letter had already told her what she wanted to know
49．Alice knew how Tom was getting from the signs on the envelope becauseD．
A．Alice put the signs on the envelope herself
B．Tom put the signs as Alice had told him to
C．Alice was clever and could guess the meaning of the signs
D．Tom told her what the signs meant before leaving for London
50．The idea of using stamps was found byB．
A．the government
B．Sir Rowland Hill
C．Alice Brown
D．Tom．
