Question

【题目】阅读理解。

Do you sometimes find you want to eat chocolate or ice cream very much? Do you then make it but feel guilty about it later?

The next time this happens to you， think back if you have had enough sleep over the last 3-5 days. Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave "midnight snacks" when working or watching TV late.

New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.

Recently， researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! Studies were done on two control groups over four days. Both groups had their food and sleep strictly controlled. All of them received three meals. The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours.

During the following visit， their sleep patterns were exchanged. After the last night of the session， the volunteers were offered as much food as they wanted to eat. Researchers noticed that in both sessions， people who sleep less ate on an average 300 calories more than those who had slept more. This was much more calories than what their bodies would need to make up for the three fewer hours of sleep.

What Is Going On?

The researchers then analyzed the chemicals (化学成分) in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep.

Even more surprising was that this group had higher levels of endocannabinoids - the same chemical that is caused by drugs such as cannabis (大麻). The endocannabinoid system causes a craving for sugar and fatty foods and leads to overeating even when the body is not hungry. This study suggests that sleep changes help produce chemicals in the body that are similar to taking drugs!

Furthermore， researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time， well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods， leading to obesity (肥胖).

Your body needs 7-8 hours of sleep each night. So， the next time you reach for a bag of chips or a slice of decadent cake， think of the amount of sleep you have had recently!

【1】According to the passage， people want to eat more when they ________.

A．work B．watch TV

C．sleep less D．sleep more

【2】The word ‘crave’ in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.

A．hope B．want

C．hate D．dislike

【3】From the passage， we can learn that ________.

A．people feel guilty about eating chocolate

B．unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less

C．a person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite

D．a study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago

【4】The chemical that makes us feel hungry is called ________.

A．ghrelin B．leptim

C．cannabis D．endocannabinoids

【5】This article is mainly about ________.

A．researchers working on people’s sleep

B．how people’s sleep influences their appetite

C．how much people need to eat after sleeping less

D．A research about chemicals in the blood of people

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【5】B

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要内容：人睡的少更想吃东西，特别是想吃不健康的食品，芝加哥大学对此做了一项关于睡眠和肥胖之间有和联系的研究，发现高水平的激素(一种化学物质让我们饥饿)和低水平的瘦素(告诉大脑化学物质满意) 在睡眠更少的人的血液中被发现。

【1】C考查细节理解题。根据第三段New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.可知当人缺少睡眠时，想吃更多的东西。故选C。

【2】B考查词意猜测题。Many adults and even tee ns have noticed that they crave "midnight snacks" when working or watching TV late.句意：许多成年人甚至青少年已经注意到， 当他们工作或看电视晚了，他们渴望吃“午夜零食”。A．hope希望，后面跟动词不定式或从句；B．want想要，需要；C．hate恨，讨厌；D．dislike不喜欢。结合句意可知选B。

【3】D考查细节理解题。A．people feel guilty about eating chocolate人们对吃巧克力感到内疚；B．unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less不健康的食物使人睡眠越来越少；C．a person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite一个人的睡眠与他/她的食欲没有关系；D．a study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago一项研究关于在芝加哥大学进行。根据第四段第一句Recently， researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! （最近，芝加哥大学的研究人员进行了一项研究，清楚地表明，缺乏睡眠会改变我们的大脑化学物质! ）和倒数第二段Furthermore， researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time， well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods， leading to obesity (肥胖).可知D是正确的。

【4】A考查细节理解题。根据第六段The researchers then analyzed the chemicals (化学成分) in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep.【然后研究人员分析了参与研究的血液中化学物质。他们注意到的事情令人惊讶。高水平的激素(一种化学物质让我们饥饿)和低水平的瘦素(告诉大脑化学物质满意) 在睡眠更少的人的血液中被发现。】可知使人感到饥饿的物质是激素ghrelin，故选A。

【5】B考查主旨理解题。A．researchers working on people’s sleep研究人员在研究人们的睡眠；B．how people’s sleep influences their appetite人的睡眠如何影响他们的食欲；C．how much people need to eat after sleeping less在睡少后，人们需要吃多少东西；D．A research about chemicals in the blood of people研究人的血液中化学物质。本文主要内容：人睡的少更想吃东西，特别是想吃不健康的食品，芝加哥大学对此做了一项关于睡眠和肥胖之间有和联系的研究，发现高水平的激素(一种化学物质让我们饥饿)和低水平的瘦素(告诉大脑化学物质满意) 在睡眠更少的人的血液中被发现。根据本文主要内容可知选B。