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　　Most people have jobs．They go to work nearly every day．Some people are lucky．Either they have very interesting jobs or they earn a lot of money．Most people are not so lucky．Either their jobs are not very interesting or they don't earn a lot of money．

　　The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult．People take a long time to learn how to do them．Doctors study for at least six years after finishing school．Pilots study longer．Most pilots are at least 30 years old．

　　Some young people have interesting and well-paid jobs．Many successful stars are young．Football and tennis stars are usually under 35．Old people usually can not play these very well．They can not move fast enough．Golf, however, is a good sport for older people．Many successful golfers are quite old．

　　Most people work until they are 60 or 65 years old．Then they retire and have a lot of spare time．Some people never retire though．These people usually have very interesting jobs．Writers, artists, musicians and actors usually work until they die．Their work is their life．

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　　Two hundred years ago, people in the west didn't know coffee or tea．They were afraid to drink them because they thought coffee or tea could kill a person．Once the king of England wanted to find out if it was true or not．

　　At that time there were two brothers in prison．They would be killed in a few days because they did wrong．The king said,“I shall let them live, but they must drink coffee or tea to the end of their lives．One brother must drink coffee and the other must drink tea every day．”And they followed the king's words．

　　They both lived many years．At last, the elder brother died when he was eighty-three years old．The younger one died a few years later．After that, people knew that coffee and tea were not bad to the man．

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　　Forests are large pieces of land covered with big trees．They are found all over the world, especially in places where there is enough sunshine and much rainfall．Many kinds of materials(材料)come from forests．To build a house, we need wood for doors and windows．Beautiful chairs and tables are also made of wood．

　　Teak(柚木)wood is very useful ship-building．It is used for all parts of a ship where wood and metal come in contact(接触)for it has a kind of oil to keep metal away from rust(铁锈)．It can also stop the attack of white ants(蚂蚁)and other insects．For this, teak wood is an important railway building material．

　　Forests are no less important than useful．They are the home of wild animals．Without them, those animals would run among the places where we live and work．There would be no peace for man．

　　Forests are helpful to weather, too．When it is very hot, they can be a very good place for people to stay away from the sun．In winter, they can keep us from the cold．Forests and also stop the land from being washed away by heavy rain for trees hold the soil together．So it would be foolish to cut down trees freely．

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阅读理解：阅读短文，然后根据内容选择最佳答案。

　　What is colour? Why do some of the things around us look red, some green, others blue?

　　Colours are really made by reflected(反射)light．We see colour because most of the things reflect light．Something is red, for it reflects most of the red light．In the same way, if something is green, it reflects most of the green light．If something reflects all light, it is white．If it doesn't reflect any light, it is black．

　　Some of the light is reflected and some is taken in(吸收)and turned into(变成)heat(热能)．The darker the colour is, the less light is reflected, the more light is taken in．So dark-coloured(深色的)clothes ae warmer in the sun than light-coloured clothes．

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　　Venice is the“Queen”(王后)of the Adriatic Sea(亚得里亚海)．Every year thousands of people from all over the world travel to Italy to visit the city．

　　Venice is a very beautiful city．It is quite different from other cities in the world．There aren't any roads and streets in the city, so there aren't any cars and buses．There are many canals(运河)in the city．There is one big canal and one hundred and seventy-seven small canals．People move up and down the canals in boats to go to work, go shopping or visit their friends．But Venice is sinking(下沉)．It is going down and the sea water is going up．In 2040 Venice will be under the water．The Adriatic Sea will cover(覆盖)the city．The Venetians love their city and they want to stay there．So they want to save Venice from the sea．They don't want to leave, How can they save Venice? They can build some strong large walls and gates in the sea．The gates will close to keep too much water out．So Venice will not sink．

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　　If a man in a spaceship looked down at the Earth, he would see mainly water．He might think that the Earth was one giant ocean with little land．

　　Nearly seven-tenths of the Earth's surface is covered by water．One ocean, the Pacific(太平洋), has an area of 63 million square miles．

　　Many years ago people thought that the land under all this water was flat．Now they know that this is not true．There are as many mountains under the sea sa there are on the land．

　　At first, there was very little salt in the sea．The salt was brought into the sea by rivers．It is possible to measure the age of the earth by measuring the amount of salt in the sea．Scientists can calculate how many years it took for this amount of salt to be carried from the land into the sea．

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　　Many new problems have appeared in our modern life．One of the biggest of every country is pollution．In America, there are laws to keep the air and water pure and clean．These are new laws and it has taken much time to clean a polluted river or lake．Now the fish are healthy again and people can enjoy swimming in clean water．

　　When food is brought from the grocery store(杂货店)to the home, it is packaged in paper, glass'tin, or plastic．Every day a newspaper comes to the home．Americans used to put all these materials in the garbage bag which is packed up by a large truck．The truck takes these materials to a garbage(垃圾)dump(堆)or land fill．The truck dumps the garbage into a large hole and land is pushed over the garbage until the hole is filled．Then, a new hole must be found．

　　As the years go by, the garbage increases as the pollution grows．Scientists suggested that some garbage could be used again．They suggested four ideas to businessmen who could make money by recycling or using paper, glass, tin, and plastic again．

　　Now, a recycling truck comes to each home once a week to pick up the materials．American families collect their newspapers in a box and clean all glass, tin and plastic．The truck takes them to a factory for recycling．

　　The newspaper is ground up into very small pieces and made into new paper again．The glass is divided into colours of green, brown, and clear mostly．The glass is crushed(捣,碾)and made into new glass．The tin is cleaned and melted so it can be made into new tin cans．The plastic is melted down so it can be used to make new container．

　　Recycling is a way to save the environment from pollution by using many materials again．

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　　What is the sky?Where is it?What lies above the sky?I am sure that you have many questions about the sky．Some of them are very difficult to answer, aren't they?

　　If someone asks you,“What colour is the sky?”Perhaps you would answer,“Blue．”That would be wrong．The sky has no colour．

　　Is the sky full of air?Yes, there is air all over the world．We could not live without air．Planes cannot fly very high because as they go higher, the air gets thinner．If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air．

　　Perhaps we can answer some of the questions now．What is the sky?The sky is the air．Where is it?It is all around the world．In this space there are the sun, the moon and all the stars．

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　　Do you know why different animals or pests(昆虫)have their special colors?Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves．

　　Some birds like eating locusts(蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them．Why?It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops．When crops are green, locusts look green．But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have．Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others．So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night．

　　If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves．Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests．They cannot be easily seen by hunters(猎人)．This is because they have the colors much like the trees．

　　Have you ever noticed an even stranger act?A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液体)when it faces danger．While the liquid spreads over(散开), its enemies(敌人)cannot find it．And it immediately swims away．So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all．

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阅读短文，然后根据内容选择正确答案。

　　When you see the word dangerous, what do you think about?Fire?Guns?Broken glass?How about noise?Can noise be dangerous?Can it hurt you?Do you think it is a kind of pollution?

　　Most people would say that noise is loud, unwanted sound．They think of the roar of traffic, the scream of jet planes, and the howl of a sick animal．But what about rock music?Is the sound of music noise?

　　Sounds can be measured to find out how loud they are．Your hearing can also be measured．Tests were done on people who work with very loud machines for a long time．The tests showed that some of these people had a loss of hearing．People who race cars, fly jet planes, or play in rock bands may also have hearing problems．

　　Tests also show other changes in people who work in loud, noisy places．These changes can take place in the way people breathe or see or think or move or feel．Can noise be dangerous?Is it a kind of pollution?

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