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阅读理解

　　A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today's ones．If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air．There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded．Three such cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size．

　　The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive．Driving will be safer, too, as these little cars can go only 65 kilometres an hour．The cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips．Little cars will go 450 kilometres before needing to stop for more gasoline(汽油)．

　　If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future．Some roads will be used for the big, fast cars and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones．

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　　“How are you?”is a nice question．It's a friendly way that people in the United States greet each other．But“How are you?”is also a very unusual question．It's a question that often doesn't need an answer．The person who asks“How are you?”hopes to hear the answer“Fine”, even if the per-son's friend isn't fine．The reason is that“How are you?”isn't really a question and“Fine”isn't really an answer．They are simply other ways of saying“Hello”or“Hi”．

　　Sometimes, people also don't say exactly what they mean．For example, when someone asks“Do you agree?”the other person might think,“No, I disagree．I think you're wrong…”But it isn't very polite to disagree so strongly, so the other person might say“I'm not sure．”It's a nicer way to say that you don't agree with someone．

　　People also don't say exactly what they are thinking when they finish talking with other people．For example, many talks over the phone finish when one person says“I've to go now．”Often, the per-son who wants to hang up gives an excuse：“Someone's at the door．”“Something is burning on the stove．”The excuses might be real, or not．Perhaps the person who wants to hang up simply doesn't want to talk any more, but it isn't polite to say that．The excuse is more polite, and it doesn't hurt the other person．

　　Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an idea, or finishing a talk, people don't say exactly what they are thinking．It's an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it's part of the game of language．

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　　The other day I heard an American say to a Chinese student in English“You speak very good English”．But the student answered,“No, no．My English is very poor．”The foreigner was quite surprised at the answer．Thinking he had not made himself understand or the student had not heard him clearly, he said,“Yes, indeed, you speak very well．”But the Chinese student still kept saying“No”．In the end the foreigner gave up and didn't know what to say．

　　What is wrong with the student's answer?It is because he didn't accept a compliment as the English people do．He should have said“Thank you”instead of“No”He actually understood what the American had said．But he thought he should be modest．If he said“Thank you”, that would mean he was too proud．According to the Western culture, if someone says the dishes, you have cooked are very delicious, you should say“Thank you”．If someone says to a woman“You look so beautiful with the new clothes on”, she should be very happy and answer“Thank you”．In our country we think being modest is a virtue and showing off is a bad thing．But in the West, if you are modest and say“No, I'm afraid I can't do it well”, then the others will take it for granted that you really can-not do it．If you often say“No”, you will certainly be looked down upon by others．If asking for a job, one says something like“Yes, I can certainly do it”instead of“Let me have a try on the job”, he or she will expect to get it．So in the West, one should always be confident．Without self-confidence, he cannot go anywhere．Confidence is of great importance to one in a country where competitions is quite keen．

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　　Edith Cavell was born in a little English village．She was a clever, hard－working girl and did well at school, especially in music and French．After she left school, her first job was to take care of the children of a rich family in Belgium(比利时)．The language they spoke was French．so she found that her school studies were useful．She could understand them easily, at the same time she taught the children to speak English and play the piano．

　　After hearing that her father was seriously ill, Edith returned home to look after him．She then decided to become a nurse．Afterwards for five years she worked in an English hospital where she proved to be highly professional(专业的)at her job．A Belgian doctor was so impressed(印象深的)that he invited her to his country to organize a training school for nurses．The First World War(第一次世界大战)broke out in 1914 and Edith Cavell's school of nursing became a hospital．She stayed there to look after the sick and wounded soldiers(伤员)．Edith treated them with kindness．Between November 1914 and August 1915 she secretly helped about 200 wounded soldiers and prisoners(囚犯)escape from the Germans．Later the German army found out what Edith had done and they arrested her．Finally, the Germans killed her, but they could not kill her memory．A tall statue(雕塑)has been built in Trafalgar Square, London, in honor(纪念)of the brave English nurse．

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　　No one was left in the museum now, and John was walking round to see if everything was all right．Suddenly he saw a beautiful painting lying on the floor．John picked up and gave it to the director(馆长)of the museum．

　　The director called several museums to check and see if it was a stolen painting, but no one claimed it．So the director decided to hang it in the museum．All the experts came to look at the painting．Each one said it was beautiful and had very deep meaning．The director was proud to have such a paint-ing in his museum and congratulated John on his discovery．

　　Some weeks later, a woman and her little som came to the museum．Wqhile they were looking at the mew painting, the little boy began to cry．The director went over and asked him．

　　“Why are you crying?”

　　The child pointed to the painting and said,“That's my painting on the wall and I want it back．”

　　“Yes, said his mother,”“He lift it on the floor a few weeks ago．If you look carefully, you can see the name on the painting．”

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　　Mrs．Black was having a lot of trouble with her heart, so she went to see her doctor．Her doctor gave her some tests．The next morning the doctor telephoned her to tell her a list of the things that he thought she should not eat．

　　Mrs．Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper．Then she left the paper beside the telephone and went out to see a film．

　　When she got back home, she found her husband waiting for her．He had a big basket full of packs beside him．When he saw her, he said,“Hello, dear, I've done all your shopping for you．”

　　“Done all my shopping?”She asked in surprise．“But how did you know what I wanted?”

　　“Well, when I got home, I found your shopping list beside the telephone．So I went down to the shops and bought everything you wrote down．”

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　　Snow fell on the mountain．It snowed and snowed．The snow did not melt．It became thick and heavy．The snow pressed together．It became ice．

　　The ice was very wide and thick．It began to move down the mountain．It was like a river of ice．It was glacier(冰川)．

　　Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day．As it moved it took stones and sand with it．It changed the land．It some places, it left hills．In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes．

　　A million years ago, there were many big glaciers．Glaciers covered most parts of the world．The glaciers changed the land．

　　Glaciers are still at work today．A glacier in the north of Canada is moving down the side of a mountain．This glacier change the land, too．

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　　When you were a baby, your first relationship was with your mother and father．Later, you got to know grandparents and other family members．But as soon as people can walk and talk, they start to develop friendships outside the family．Even babies show that they prefer some people to others．As teenagers, our friends are very important and we want to spend more time away from the family．Friends give us all-important support and independence．

　　During the years from 13 to 18, you are changing in lots of ways and slowly growing into an adult．You can feel uncertain about many things; you might also feel uncomfortable and shy．If you have a close friend, he or she will be someone to share secrets with, tell jokes to, and talk about your interests as well as your worries to．You can enjoy hobbies and sports together and share your discovery(了解)of the world．

　　Some young people don't make friends very easily．Others make them quickly but then lose them．As a result, teenagers and their families can easily get worried．Sometimes it helps to join a club or take up a hobby or a sport as it can be easier to get to know new people outside school．But other young people are quite happy to spend time alone, reading, using the computer or listening to music．Everyone's different．

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　　Long, long ago, people made fires from lightning．But they had to keep the fire burning, for they couldn't start it again if there was no lightning．Later, they found out hitting two pieces of stone together could make a spark．The spark could fire dry leaves．In this way they could make the fire again if it went out．Then people also learned to make a fire by rubbing．They made a hole on a big piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole．They turned the stick again and again．After a few minutes they got a fire．

　　As years went by, people learned other ways to make a fire．Sometimes they used the heat from the sun．They held a piece of glass in the right way and made a piece of paper on fire．

　　About two centuries ago, people began to make matches．Matches brought people a quick and easy way to make fires．Today matches are still being used, but people have more new ways to make fires．One of them is to use an electric fire starter．Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive than a box of matches．But it is very useful．

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