阅读理解

　　We know the mosquito very well．Mosquitoes fly everywhere．They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them．

　　No one likes the mosquito．But the mosquito may decide that she loves you．She? Yes, she．It’s true that male mosquito doesn’t bite(咬)and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs．She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite．If she likes what she finds, she bites．But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood．Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen．You’re different from the others!

　　If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know．She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different．After she bites, you will have an itch(痒)on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood．By the time the itching begins, and she has flown away．

　　And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired．She just wants to find a place to have a good rest．There, on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs．

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阅读理解

　　It seems to us that the earth stands quite still(静止的)．But it is really moving all the time．It turns around a make-believe line through its center．We call this make-believe line the earth’s axis(地轴)．The two ends of the earth’s axis are called its poles(极)．The earth travels twenty-four hours around its axis once．

　　We look at the sun and say it “travels” across the sky, but the sun doesn’t really do so．The turning of the earth makes us feel as if the sun were moving across the sky．We can’t see that the earth is moving because everything else on the earth is turning with us．As the earth turns around every twenty-four hours, first one half faces the sun and then the other half．When our half of the earth is facing the sun, we say it is “day”．When our half is away from the sun, we say it is “night”．It is the turning of the earth that tells us when to go to bed and when to get up．

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阅读理解

　　When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens．Many earthquakes begin under the sea．Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth．They often happen near the mountains．

　　During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(断裂)open．Houses fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed．

　　Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and make maps that show the “earthquake belts”．In areas(地区)in these belts, it’s possible for earthquakes to happen．In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes．

　　In the future, scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen．They can also tell people what to do and how to do it．

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阅读理解

　　In the sea there are many islands．In its warm waters there are some little ones．We call them “coral Islands”．

　　A coral island is very nice to look at．It looks like a ring of land(一圈陆地)with trees, grass, and flowers on it．One part of the ring is open to the water．There is a little round lake inside the island．

　　If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral．You say think they are flowers．If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it．In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived．These sea animals make the coral．

　　They began to build under the water．Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher．At last it grew out of the water．

　　Then the sea brought it small trees and something else．After some years, these things changed into earth．Sometimes the wind brought seeds(种子)to this earth．Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island．

　　The little seeds grew．In a few years there were plants all over the island．In a few more years there were trees growing there．

　　So you see, these islands were built little by little．The workers were very small．Do they not teach us a lesson? Can you think what the lesson is?

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阅读理解

　　All our food comes from the soil(土壤)．Some of us eat meat, but animals live on plants．If these were no plants, we should have no animals and meat．So the soil is necessary for life．

　　The top of ground is usually covered with grass or other plants．Plants grow in soil, which has a dark color．This dark soil is humus, dead leaves, dead plants and animal waste make it, but this takes a long time．When the humus has been made, plants can grow well in it．

　　All soil needs food．If we don’t give it any, the plants will be weak．Animals waste is the best food for the soil, but chemical fertilizers(化肥)are also very useful．The same crop should not be grown in the same place every year; it is better to have a different crop．A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land in good condition．

　　When the soil is dry, the wind blows it away．Sometimes heavy rain carries the humus down to a river．People should grow more and more trees and grass to stop wind from carrying the humus away．It takes hundreds of years to make humus, and so we must save every bit of it．Without soil, where can we grow food?

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阅读理解

　　Do you know something about tree rings(年轮)? Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago?

　　A tree will grow well in a climate(气候)with lots of sunshine and rainfall．And little sunshine or rainfall will limit(限制)the growth of climate by studying the tree rings．For example, to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside．If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year．If it is near to the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad．

　　Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather but also for studying the history of man．Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico．But now you can find only sand there－no trees and no people．What happened?

　　A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there．He found that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings．As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move．

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阅读理解

　　If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet(彗星)．

　　A comet sometimes looks like a star．Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own．It shines from the sunlight it reflects(反射)．Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path(轨道)than the earth travels．

　　If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then?

　　Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock．When sunshine melts(融化)the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it．These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail．

　　Many people perhaps have seen a comet．However no one knows how many comets there are．There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see．

　　An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky．Some comets move out of our sight and never come back．Others keep coming back at regular times．A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again．Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986．Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it．You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again．

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阅读理解

　　We know that many animals do not stay in one place．Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time．They move for different reasons：most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded．

　　When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food．Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed．The most famous migration(迁移)is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon”．This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water．There it spends its life．When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water．Then it gives birth and dies．In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse．They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded．They move down to the low land．Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea．

　　Recently(近来)，scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾)．Every year,

　　when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk

　　across the floor of the ocean．Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go．

　　So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other

　　times we don’t．Maybe living things just like to travel．

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阅读理解

During the Second World War, Winston Churchill was the British Prima Minister．One day he had to go to the British Broadcasting Corporation(the BBC)to make an important speech to the nation．An hour before the time of this speech, he stopped a taxi in the street and asked the driver to take him to the BBC, but the taxi-driver, who did not recognize him, said he could not take him anywhere just then, because he wanted to go back to his home at the other end of London to hear Churchill make a speech on the radio．Churchill was so pleased when he heard this．Churchill answered that he gave the man a pound, which was worth quite a lot in those days．“All right, get in,” said the driver happily, opening the door of the taxi．“I'll take you, and to hell with(让……见鬼去)Churchill and his speech!”

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阅读理解

　　How old is “old”? The answer has changed over the years．Two Hundred years ago, you were old at 35．At the beginning of the 20^th century, the average life span(平均寿命)was 45．In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old．Today， a healthy 70-year-old is still thought young．

　　So, how old is “old”? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all kinds of people．“You are as old(or young)as you feel．” Your age simply tells you how many years you have lived．Your body tells you how well you’ve lived．

　　“Nobody grows old by living a number of years, ” Wrote a writer．“People grow old when they don’t have their ideals(理想)．” People shouldn’t have the wrong ideas about aging．Sometimes, older minds can be as bright as young minds．Alice Brophy once said, “It makes me unhappy when people say, ‘You look young for your age．’ What does that mean? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80．”

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