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　　The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented．Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others．So the killing on the road may be regarded as a social problem．

　　In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people－－just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say．But it is a general truth both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others．A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence(　　)．

　　Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver．Emotional upsets can distort(歪曲)drivers’ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise clear．The experts warn that it is necessary for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one’s emotions under control．

　　Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers, Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents, and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the mad．

　　Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years．Safety standards for vehicle have been both at the point of manufacture and through periodic mad-worthiness inspection．In addition, speed limits have been lowered．Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased．But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave．The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration．Those who fail to all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the mad．

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　　Over the past 10 years, technologies that have combined computers with telephone have developed．Technologies such as PC fax programs and LAN fax servers(局域网传真服务器)have been used to improve fax communications．The latest computer-based technologies are new mechanisms(机制)which use IP(Internet Protocol, 因特网协议)to send faxes, that is, IP fax．

　　Traditional fax has a fairly simple usage model．First, the user inserts a document into the fax machine, enters the destination fax number and presses the starts button on the machine．The sending machine dials the receiving fax machine． If it connects, the sending machine scans the documents and sends it over the public switched telephone network(PSTN，公共电话交换网)to the receiving machine．At the same time, the receiving machine receives the document and then prints it．

　　In IP fax system there are two basic transmission modes：store-and-forward mode and real-time mode．Store-and-forward mode has been widely used．In this mode, the entire document is sent to a network-based server that stores it and then sends it to the destination．Real-time IP faxing is similar to traditional fax．Real-time mode allows two fax machines to directly communicate through some standard．

　　IP fax enabled a fax document to be sent from one person to another．A fax machine or a computer can be used to send or receive the fax．IP fax also allows e-mail to be used to receive faxes．This would enable users to receive faxes anywhere, anything with an internet fax address．

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　　Anyone who is interested in study will welcome the latest development in classroom technology．School pupils equipped with hand-held keypads(键盘)connected wirelessly to electronic whiteboards(白色书写板)can now answer teachers questions－without their classmates knowing．The electronic“student response system”is aimed at 4-to-11-year-olds

　　Stephen Jury, the company’s chief manager, says the system helps teachers with the continuous assessment of pupils, and encourages shy children to voice opinions and become more active in class．

　　According to the Department of Education and Skills, ICT(information and communications technology)spending for schools has more than doubled since 1998．

　　“If anything, it will probably increase,”says David Todman, Dell’s UK schools manager．“To achieve what the government wants in education, there is nothing it can do but increase expenditure on IT．”

　　The education white paper Higher Standards, Better Schools for All, looks to IT to help the government achieve two aims－lessons tailored to(适应)different pupils’ needs and connecting parents more closely with choosing and running schools．It notes that more than 80％ of secondary schools now have websites．“Parents and pupils will be able to see exactly what’s on offer, how well the school is doing, and the future direction it plans to take．”Parents can log on(登录)to the school’s IT system to look at their child’s reports, attendance records and information about homework．

　　Nearly everyone agrees that more needs to be done to make sure that computers are used properly in schools．Stephen Jury says that Britain needs to follow the US in developing the rules of“educational technology”rather than leaving e-learning in the hands of IT departments．

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　　Muhammad Yunus and the bank he founded are honored for their work to help the world’s poor．Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank he founded were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday．They won the award for their efforts to help bring millions of people, especially women, out of poverty．

　　“Every single individual on earth has both the potential and the right to live a decent life．Across cultures and civilizations, Yunus and Grameen Bank have shown that even the poorest of the poor can work to bring about their own development,”the Nobel Committee said in its citation．

　　The Peace Prize is one of the biggest honors in the world．Yunus is the first Nobel Prize winner from Bangladesh, a nation of about 141 million people．In 1983, Yunnus and the Grameen Bank started a now worldwide system that lets people borrow small amounts of money to start businesses．Through these loans, called“microcredit”, the world’s poor have been able to buy much needed things like cows to start a dairy, chickens to run an egg business, or a cell phone in places where there is no other access to a phone．

　　Yunus said he would use part of the $ 1.4 million award money to create a company that will make low-cost, high-nutrition food for the poor．The rest of his share will go toward setting up an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh．“I am so, so happy, it’s really great news for the whole nation,”Yunus said after hearing of his win．

　　Since the bank began, it has lent $ 5.72 billion to more than 6 million Bangladeshis．About 97 percent of the borrowers are women．

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　　Good health is very important．Everyone should do all he can to stay healthy．Being in good health means having both body and mind in good order, free from illness and pain．

　　Good food, plenty of water, cleanness and plenty of rest all help in keeping our machines running as they should．Food does many things for our bodies．It gives what we need for keeping good health．It gives us energy for work and play．No food gives everything we need．We should eat foods of different kinds．Having enough to eat is not the same as having the right food．

　　The water we drink helps wash away wastes formed inside our bodies．It also puts back the water we lose when we perspire(流汗)．Our bodies are actually more than half water．We must drink enough to replace what we lose．

　　We feel better and look better when we are clean．A bath every one or two days is a good rule for most of us．Brushing our teeth is important part of keeping clean．

　　Sleep is the best kind of rest．Growing children need more sleep than grown-ups．Children's bodies not only have to be repaired; they also have to grow, No one's body can grow bigger properly while he is working and playing and wearing it out(疲劳)．

　　It has been useful to work for good health．Millions of years ago, people live only 20 years．Now people can live about 70 years．It has gone up 20 years just since the beginning of the present century．

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　　David came from a poor family．When he finished his high school, however, he was given a wonderful present．“Some of my friends got new clothes and a rich boy even got a new car,” he remembered, “My dad reached into his trousers pocket and took something out．I held out my hand, and his present dropped into it－a nickel(五分镍币)．”

　　Dad said to me, “Buy a newspaper with that．Read every word of it．Then turn to the classified section(分类栏目)and get yourself a job．Get into the world．It’s all yours now．” I always thought that was a great joke my father had played on me until a few years later when I was in the army, sitting in a foxhole(战壕), and thinking about my family and my life．It was then I realized that my friends had got only new cars, or only new clothes．My father had given me the whole world．What a great present!”

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　　People like to talk about "first"．They like to remember their first love or their first car．But not all firsts are happy ones．Few people enjoy the firsts that are bad．

　　One of history's bad but important firsts was the first car accident．Cars were still young when it happened．It took place in New York in May 1896．A man from Massachusetts was visiting the city in his new car．At that time, bicycle riders were still trying to get used to the new set of wheels on the road．No one was sure who was at fault(过失)．Anyway, a bike and the car collided．The man on the bike was hurt．The driver of the car had to stay in prison(监狱)and wait for the hospital report on the bike rider．It was lucky that the bike rider was not killed．

　　Three years later, another car accident took place．It was again in New York City．A man named Henry Bliss got off a street car．He was hit by a passing car．Again, no one was sure just how it happened or who was at fault．The driver of the car was put in prison．Poor Mr Bliss became the first person to die in a car accident．

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What makes red tides(赤潮)happen?Red tides only happen when conditions in the sea are right．In the past few years, factories and people have been putting more chemicals(化学物品)into the sea．These chemicals help algae and protozoa to grow very quickly．The temperature of the sea is also important．Red tides usually happen at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius(摄氏度)．If the water’s temperature goes up to two degrees in a week, scientists may tell fishermen to get ready for a red tide．Red tides often happen in dry, warm areas where there is little wind．Living things grow easily in these places．Sometimes fishermen help red tides by mistake．They put small sea animals into the water for food to help fish grow．When they put too many in and don’t clean up what is left, those animals can make the water dirty．That helps the living things to grow better．

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　　We drink tea every day．But more than three hundred years ago most of the people in Europe(欧洲)did not know anything about tea．Some people heard about it，but very few of them know what to do with it．

　　There is a story about an English sailor(水手)who went to countries in the east，the west and the south．He went to India and China．One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother．She told her friends about the present and asked them to a “tea party”．When her friends came to the “tea party”, the old woman offered(给)them brown tea-leaves(茶叶)．The old woman's friends began to eat them．Of course, nobody liked the tea-leaves．

　　At that time the sailor came in．He looked at the table and said,” Mother, what have you done with the tea?”

　　“I boiled(煮)it, as you said．”

　　“And what did you do with the water?”

　　“I threw it away, of course．”answered the old woman．

　　“Now you may throw away the leaves, too” said her son．

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