阅读理解

　　About ten men in every hundred have the trouble of color blindness in some way．Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred is affected(感染)in this matter．Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman．

　　There are different kinds of color blindness．For example, a man cannot see deep red．He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades(阴影)of green．Sometimes a person can’t tell the difference between blue and green．Only a few unlucky men may see everything in shades of green－a strange world indeed．

　　Color blindness in human beings is a difficult thing to explain．In only one eye there are millions of very small things called “cones(圆锥体)”．These help us to see in the bright light and to tell differences between colors．There are also millions of “rods(柱状体)”, but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark．They show us shapes but not colors．

　　Some insects have favorite colors．Mosquitoes(蚊子)like blue but do not like yellow．A red light will not attract insects, but a blue light will．Human beings also have favorite colors．Yet we are lucky．With the help of the cones in our eyes, we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the help of the rods we can see shapes at night．

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　　“Life is speeding up．Everyone is becoming unwell．” This may sound like something someone would say today．But in fact, an unwell person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it．

　　We all love new inventions．They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives．

　　But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?

　　Picture this：You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer．Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the telephone is getting louder and louder．Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work．Now you have to stay up all night to get it done．

　　Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired．Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier?Perhaps that is because they live simpler lives．

　　One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today．The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons, Benjamin, 10, and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house．They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phone．

　　The grandmother, Lyn, said, “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes．” The boys said they fought less．Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer．Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy, been-drinking granny, to one who cooked things．

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　　Two American scientists told the people in industrial nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of foods eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago．

　　The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on earth, but the way we live has changed greatly．Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times．So they are called “diseases of civilization(文明)”．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes(中风)are examples of such diseases．

　　Scientists noted that early stone-age people used very little alcohol(酒精)or tobacco, probably none．Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and life today．Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than farm animals．They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables, and fruits．They did not use milk and other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains．But today, we eat a large amount of dairy products and grain foods．We eat six times more salt than stone-age people．We eat more sugar．We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein(蛋白质)and much less vitamin C．

　　People today probably do not want to live as people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate as those ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet foods．

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　　Long bus rides are like television shows．They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials(商业广告)thrown in every three or four minutes．The commercials are unavoidable．They happen whether you want them or not．Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window．“Buy super Clean Toothpaste.” “Drink Good Wet Root Beer.” “Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It Now!”

　　The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before．Usually some things have changed－new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road．The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so．If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story．Will the driver pass the truck in time?Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane?After a while, of course, the excitement dies down．Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride．Food always makes bus rides more interesting．But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat．Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops．

　　The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning．You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that．The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed．By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rests－even with your hands crossed behind your head．The end comes just at the right time．There are just no more ways to sit．

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　　In the 1900's, American townspeople usually washed and brushed their teeth and combed their hair in the kitchen．Or they kept a water pitcher(大水罐)and a wash basin in their rooms and took care of these things there．

　　The bathtub was a wash tub(澡盆)filled with water from the stove．If you were small enough you could sit down by drawing your knees to your chest．Otherwise, you washed yourself standing up．Often all the women and girls in the family bathed together．Then the men and boys did．In most families this was Saturday night because Sundays they went to church．

　　A small number of families did have running water．But that depended on whether there was a water system where they lived and on whether they could afford the plumbing(水管设施)．Some people had bathtubs in their homes as early as 1895．But many others did not have their first bath in a bathtub until 1910 or later when they were fifteen or sixteen years old.?

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　　HongZhanhui is a 23-year-old college student．He has raised an abandoned(被遗弃的)child for 11years．This story moved millions of Chinese people．

　　Hong was born in a small village in Henan Province．When he was 12, his father suddenly went crazy(疯狂的，古怪的)and killed his lovely sister．Hong was very sad．He missed his sister very much．Then the family adopted(收养)a baby girl called Chenchen．

　　The illness of Hong’s father became worse and worse, He often hit his wife．Later, Hong’s mother ran away from home．Hong had to support the family and bring up Chenchen by himself．

　　In 1998, Hong entered Xihua No．Senior High School, about 20 kilometers from his home．Hong took Chenchen along with him．He never talked to others about his hard life．He put his part-time into many things：working to get money, looking after his adopted sister, and sending medicine home for his father．He sold, pens, books, tapes and phone cards after school．“Many people looked down on me for that, ”Hong said, “But I didn’t care．”

　　In 2003 Hong entered Hunan huaihua College．Hong sent Chenchen, now 12, to a primary school in Hunan with the money he got．When Hong’s story became public, many people wanted to gave him money．But Hong refused．

　　“Poverty(贫穷、贫困)and suffering(苦难)should not be an excuse for begging sympathy(同情)and help from society, ”said Hong．“I think it is most important for a man to support himself and be strong．”

　　What a self-supporting man he is!We should learn from him all．

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　　Chinese basketball player Wang Zhizhi returned home from the United States on the morning of April 10th after he had been expelled(除名)from the national team for four years．

　　“It has been a long time．I am so glad to be coming back home,” Wang told a CCTV reporter．

　　Wang, the first Chinese to play in the National Basketball Association(NBA)when he joined the Dallas in 2001, was welcomed by the Chinese basketball officials at he Beijing International Airport that morning．

　　“I realized I had made a big mistake(for refusing to return when he was needed)．I want to say sorry to my fans and to the Bayi team which trained me and gave me the chance to play in the this time and win back my place in the national team．” Wang went on．

　　“Wang Zhizhi won’t play in the final competition of the CBA(Chinese Basketball Association)Because he didn’t register(注册)，” said Zhang Bing, who works with the Bayi team．

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　　An American group developed the rooftop gardening in the early 1980s．The group is known as ECHO．This idea was to help people living in cities who did not have land to grow vegetables．And now it is becoming more and more popular in many other countries．

　　To build a rooftop garden, four things are necessary．You need a roof strong enough and four pieces of wood to build a box．Grass cutting in which to plant your garden and a thin piece of plastic on which to put the cut grass are also necessary．

　　Begin by testing(检测)your roof to make sure it is strong enough．Cut and collect some grass．Cover the roof with a thin piece of plastic．Then you build a box from the four piece of wood．The box has no top or bottom．It should be about 8cm deep．It can be as long and as wide as needed．Put the box on the plastic．Then fill in with the cut grass．Water the grass and push it down by walking on it．After about three weeks, the rooftop box is ready for planting．

　　Put the seeds(种子)directly into the wet grass．It is important that the grass is kept wet until the plants begin to grow．When the plants are growing, you will need to water them every day unless it rains．And birds must be prevented from eating the seeds or new plants．They will also need some liquid fertilizer(液体化肥)．You can make your own liquid fertilizer if you can get waste from chickens．Put the chicken waste in a cloth bag．Then put the bag in a big container(容器)of water．After about one week, the water becomes a good liquid fertilizer．

　　The rooftop garden is a good place go grow peas, tomatoes and onions．If the box is deep enough, potatoes and carrots also will grow．

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　　When you’re curious(好奇)about something, and want to know more about it, you can use the way of asking questions．Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers．The steps below can guide you during the research(研究)．

　　Step 1　　On a note card or piece of paper, write down the subject that you are interested in．Just get the main idea down．For example, you might write：Discover more about dinosaurs．

　　Step 2　　Next, stop and think for a moment about what you already know about your subject．List what you already know like the sentences below：

　　(1)Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared．

　　(2)Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 million years．

　　(3)Some dinosaurs fed on plants, some on meat．

　　Step 3　　What can you do with what you want to learn? By asking questions．On your paper, start writing down questions about the dinosaurs as you think of them：

　　(1)What’s the best weather for dinosaurs to live in?

　　(2)How many kinds of dinosaurs are there?

　　(3)Have dinosaurs really disappeared?

　　Step 4　　Armed with your list of questions, you can now go to the nearest library or computer to begin your research．As you learn more about your subject, you’ll probably discover some new questions．For example, you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago．Why? What happened? Asking new questions can help you research your subject more widely．

　　The next time you find something interesting to research, take time to organize(组织)your thinking by asking good questions．And remember－learning more always brings more questions．

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　　Eat rice brew(酒酿)in class? You must be joking．But that’s what happened in Hefei Hupo Middle School in Anhui．Junior 2 students there made their own rice brew to learn about fermentation(发酵)．

　　“The students have already learned the lesson in class．But they won’t really understand it until they make their own brew,” said Liang Wen, their biology teacher．

　　Students made the brew in groups．They first bought yeast(酵母)and cooked the rice．Then they mixed the rice and yeast carefully together in a big, clean bowl．The most important thing is to put the bowl in a warm place．Yeast works best there．That’s the secret of a good rice brew! After about a week, the rice becomes rice brew．

　　“Our brew looks so delicious．I couldn’t wait to taste it!” said Xi Yiwen, a 14-year-old girl．But Xi had to wait because they had to eat it at the “tasting party”．During the party, the teacher heated up each group’s rice brew for everyone to taste．The students then chose one group as the best brew maker．

　　Some group’s brew was popular and soon eaten up but some was sour and tasted terrible! Some students even bought new brew because they failed to make their own．

　　“Working together brought us happiness no matter what the result was!” said Wang Yajun, a 15-year-old girl．Her group was the best in the class．

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