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　　There was once a young man called Paul in a village in the USA．Paul was very lazy because his father was a rich farmer and he didn't have to work．Mr Smith, a neighbour of his, was a blacksmith(铁匠)．He used to work in his shop all day．Paul spent hours and hours watching how the blacksmith worked every day．“Young man, why don't you try your hand to make a shoe tack(铁钉), even it is only to pass the time?” said the blacksmith one day, “ Maybe it will be useful to you some day．” Finally, the lazy boy began to have a try．After practicing some times, he became skilled and could make very nice tacks．

　　Years later, Paul's father died and he lost all the things because of a war(战争)．He had to move to another country and live by himself．It happened that there were many shoemakers paying high prices to buy tacks for the shoes, because in that part of the country there was a great need of tacks for soldiers' shoes．Paul went to talk with them．He told them that he would make the tacks if they could help him find a workshop in the village．The shoemakers agreed．Then Paul made a lot of money by making tacks．“How funny it is!” he said to himself, “Even by making shoe tacks, one can become rich．”

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　　Where do you like to live? For this question, different people have different answers．Some people like to live in a city(城市)because there are many shops and supermarkets．They think it is convenient(方便的)to buy things．But some people think it is good to live in a quiet town because they don't like the dirty air in the big city．They dislike pollution in the city．

　　Today, some people like travelling(旅行), so they would like to buy house cars．House car is both a house and a car．You can't buy it with a little money．There is a driving area in the car．You can do lots of things in the car．There is a bed and a lamp in the bedroom．You can make dinner in the kitchen．You can also find a fridge and a sink in it．You can listen to music and watch TV in the sitting room．If you are tired, you can have a shower or a bath in the bathroom．You can do most things you want to do．Life is travelling．Do you want to live in this kind of car?

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　　Some people enjoy reading and they like to go to the book show．There are many books in the show．If you can't find some books in libraries or bookshops, come to the book show．You must find them here．Readers(读者)like these books very much．

　　In a book show, you can buy a lot of books with less money．The show also invites some writers(作家)．People can buy a lot of their favorite books and meet their favorite writers．The book show may be crowded, but they still love to visit it．It is fun to go there．

　　Today more and more people like reading including(包括)children and adults．They often go to many book shows to read and buy books．When they read, they can learn much more from books．It is important for children to learn to read．They can also know a lot about the writers after reading the books．

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　　Why are so many people so afraid to fail? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure (失败) becomes an experience that means growth．We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail．

　　Most parents work hard at preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed．One way is to lower standards(标准)．When a child finishes making a table, the mother describes it as “perfect” even though it doesn't stand still．Another way is to blame (责怪) others．If John fails in science, his teacher is unfair or stupid．

　　There's a problem with the two ways．It makes a child unprepared for life in the real world．The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time, and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win．A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honour list on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course．But parents should not offer a quick consolations (安慰), prize or say, “It doesn't matter．” Because it does．The young should be allowed to experience failure and be helped to come out of it．

　　Failure never gives people pleasure．It hurts both grown-ups and children．But it can be really good to your life when you learn to use it．You must learn to ask “Why did I fail?” Don't blame anyone else．Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve．If someone else can help, don't be shy about asking them．

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　　1．HOUSE FOR SALE

　　Comfortable family home with a large garden on north side of town．Three bedrooms, living-room, kitchen, dining-room, bathroom．Offers over ＄ 35,000．

　　2．ASSISTANT WANTED FOR BUSH RESTAURANT

　　Some evening and weekend work．All meals free．Ring 3320178．

　　3．JOIN OUR FOOTBALL TEAM

　　Boys and girls wanted to play in local football team．

　　Aged 9-13．Meet in Green Park on Friday at 3 p．m．

　　4．ROOM to RENT (出租)

Small room to rent in city center flat above restaurant．Newly painted with modern furniture(家具)．Near main railway station．Buses pass front door．Phone 3322108．

　　Mr．Black wants to live near his workplace．Mrs．Black wants a house with four bedrooms．Their children don't care what the house is like as long as the garden is big enough．Rose, their daughter has always wanted to work in a restaurant．She thinks it is an exciting place．it's hard work, but she isn't lazy．You have to work on Sundays and Saturdays, but you get other days off．It's not very well paid．But who cares about money?

　　Jack is a middle school student．He is thirteen years old．He finishes school at half past three, so he has plenty of time to finish his homework．

　　Bob, Mr．Black's brother, is looking for a room to rent．He doesn't care what color the walls are or how old the furniture is．He is getting ready for his drawing．So the house must be quiet．

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　　Mr．Brown lived in a house less than two miles from his office, so he was able to drive home every day for lunch．Every time he drove home at noon, he found many cars were parked outside his house and there was no room for his own car．He had to drive somewhere else to park his car．Then he had to walk back home．This made him very angry．

　　He had put up a board, which said, “ No parking” in the garden facing the road, but nobody noticed it．People seemed to obey(遵守) only a police notice with letters on a blue board：

POLICE NOTICE

NO PARKING

　　Mrs．Brown suggested that he could steal a police notice．He was afraid to do so．She then suggested that he could make one just like a police notice．He said he was not the police and couldn't use the word “police”．Several days later, Mr．Brown made a blue board with white letters：

POLITE NOTICE

NO PARKING

　　“ Oh!” Mrs．Brown said, “You told me you weren't going to use the word “police”, but why do you use it now?” “Really?” he asked, “Look again．” She started to laugh．“You are really clever．”

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　　A woman repeated a bit of gossip (流言) about a neighbour．Within a few days the whole neighbourhood knew the story．The neighbour was deeply hurt．Later the woman responsible (负责) for spreading the gossip learned that it was completely untrue．She was very sorry and went to a wise old man to find out what she could do to repair the harm．

　　“Go to the marketplace,” he said．“and buy a chicken, and have it killed, then on your way home, pluck (拔) its feathers and drop them one by one along the road．” Although surprised by this advice, the woman did what she was told．

　　The next day the wise man said, “ Now, go and collect all those feathers you dropped yesterday and bring them back to me．”

　　The woman followed the same road, but she was so discouraged when she found the wind had blown all the feathers away．After searching for hours, she returned with only three in her hand．

　　“ You see, ” said the old man, “it's easy to drop them, but it's impossible to get them back．So it is with gossip．It doesn't take much to spread a gossip, but once you do, you can never completely undo the wrong．”

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阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

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　　Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce a child's chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows．It challenges (挑战) the belief that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light．

　　The Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is good for people's eyes．They compared the vision(视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia．In all,30％of the Singaporean children were short-sighted－this rate(比率) was ten times higher than Australian children．

　　Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games．However, the Australian children spent an average(平均) of two hours a day outdoors－90 minutes more than the Singaporean children．

　　Professor(教授) Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council's Vision Centre, said, “Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger．We're also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world－and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors．”

　　Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light．But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical(化学物质) which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people becoming short-sighted．So be outdoors．It doesn't matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports．

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　　Good morning．The programme(节目)today is about music．The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”．The Muses are the goddesses(女神)of the arts．Music is only one of the arts．It is like the spoken language, but it uses sounds．Today's programme brings music together from different corners of the world．Who invented music? Who sang the first song? No one knows exactly the answers to these questions．But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone's life．Babies and young children love to hear people sing to them．When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard．When children go to school, their world of music grows．In the middle grades students take music lessons．When they reach high school, they become interested in listening to pop music．

　　The records we have chosen for you today are from American country music, Indian music, pop music and so on．Music means different feelings to people．It can make people happy or it can make them sad．In this programme we shall study the language of music．We shall be trying to find out more about how music works．We shall try to find out how music says people's feelings．Now, here comes the music today, I shall explain why they are all good music…

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