I am a professor of sports and exercise so I often deal with nervousness in my research with sports people. Actually, most people experience nervousness at some time or another.

If you are feeling anxious, my advice is to first find the cause or causes. Make s list of those things that are making you nervous and work out which ones you can do something about. Focus all of your efforts on managing the causes that you can control.

Most people cannot tell the difference between controllable(可控制的) and uncontrollable causes, so things they can’t control become a big reason for nervousness. Dealing with this is very important if people want to keep a healthy mind.

Simply try to accept the uncontrollable causes of nervousness. You might be worried about the weather on a big day, an accident or an attack on the train, or perhaps just things that other people are doing at work. The results may be very important but there is still no use worrying because you can’t control any of these things. Accept that you can’t control everything. Once you understand this, it becomes easier not to worry.

If a situation, such as swimming, is causing you to be anxious, try to face it as often as possible so that you can get used to it.

It can often help to think about yourself doing the thing that make s you nervous—then close your eyes and imagine it going well. Imagine how the flight or job interview is going to happen so that you can get used to it. This will help you understand that the thing you fear most is probably not going to happen.

1. The writer thinks there is no use worrying about some causes of nervousness because_____________.

A. most are not very important B. they are not the real causes of the problem

C. they cannot be controlled by people D. it’s better to deal with one cause at a time

2. If swimming makes you nervous, what should you do according to the writer?

A. Go swimming often to get used to it. B. Avoid going to the swimming pool.

C. Find a swimming teacher. D. Imagine watching others swim.

3. What is true about nervousness according to the passage?

A. It usually has only one cause.

B. It is usually caused by people.

C. People can easily manage it.

D. Most people suffer from it.

4. What is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To introduce the writer’s sports experience.

B. To advise on how to deal with nervousness.

C. To help people remember their fears.

D. To explain the dangers of nervousness.

    Taking away a city’s rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can’t eat or use. If we kept these things, we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.

   In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used wate r from toilets, bathtubs and other places.

   To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally , a house or a school may be built there, and then you’d never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.

In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth. It is rich with kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.

1. The underline word “sewage” in the passage means_______

   A. 排污     B.染色   C . 洗涤    D. 洗尘

2. According to the passage, the food parts of rubbish can be used again_______.

   A. to feed animals  B. to feed plants  C. to build a house  D. to make machines

3. The main idea of the passage is ______

   A to let us know taking away rubbish is a big job.

B. to explain the need for rubbish collection

C. to introduce different ways to treat rubbish

D. to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish

阅读理解，阅读下面材料，根据材料内容从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案

We were standing at the top of a church tower. My father had brought me to this high tower in a small town not far from our home in Rome. I wondered why.

“Look down, Elsa," Father said. I gathered all my courage and looked down. I saw the square in the center of the village. And I saw several streets leading to the square. ‘‘See, my dear," Father said gently. “There is more than one way to the square. Life is like that. If you can't get to the place where you want to go by one road, try another."

Now I understood why I was there. Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the bad lunches that were served at school. But she refused because she could not believe the lunches were as bad as I said.

When I turned to Father for help, he would not help. Instead, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson. By the time we reached home, I had a plan. http: //w  ww.xk b1. com

At school the next day, I poured my lunch soup into a bottle and brought it home. Then I asked our cook to serve it to Mother at dinner. The plan worked perfectly. She tried one spoonful and sputtered. “The cook must have gone mad!” Quickly I told what I had done, and Mother promised that she would take up the matter of lunches at school the next day!

In the years that followed I often remembered the lesson Father taught me. I began to work as a fashion designer two years ago. I wouldn’t stop working until I tried every possible way. Father’s wise words always remind me that there is more than one way to the square.

1. Father brought Elsa to the top of the church tower to_________________           .

A. have sports with Elsa                         B. explain what he means clearly

C. enjoy the views                                   D. have a rest there

2. Elsa wanted her mother to_____________  earlier that day.

A. do something delicious for lunch      B. know he was complaining about his lunch

C. speak to the school about lunch       D. change the terrible eating habit

3. By sharing her own experiences, Elsa tries to tell us________

A. when one road is blocked , try another                B. how bad the lunch of her school is

C. how wise her father is                                       D. how terrible her mother is

完形填空

阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳答案，是短文完整、通顺

Around two weeks ago, I was invited to be a judge(裁判) at a college. All of the students had been given a piece of paper with a topic written on it. The first one to speak looked a little 1 . “My dear friends and judges,” he said loudly, “this is an unfair 2 ! I have been given the paper,” he continued, “to speak on the topic with just a few minutes’ preparation, 3 those who come after me have more time to 4 their speeches!” He then left the stage and went out of the hall.
　　I met him later by chance. “Who said life is 5 ?” I asked him with a smile, and I asked him to walk with me to my car. “Have you seen the figures(数字) they show when a new car is 6 into the market, saying how good it is?”
　　“Yes,” he nodded.
　　“But they put a 7 after all these figures. They say all the figures are in ideal road conditions!”
　　“Yes,” he said again.
　　“Can you show me some ideal road conditions?” I asked him, and he smiled. “The car that sells well is the one 8 will provide power and speed on the 9 roads. That car is the winner.”
　　We had got to the car. “Don’t look for ideal competition conditions,” I said. “ 10 the unfair and come out a winner!”
　　I looked back as I drove away and saw him smile and wave, and I knew he would do as I said.
( ) 1. A. unhappy B. afraid C. ungrateful D. tired
( ) 2. A. idea B. competition C. topic D. judge
( ) 3. A. when B. so C. since D. while
( ) 4. A. wait for B. care about C. work on D. find out
( ) 5. A. easy B. fair C. interesting D. boring
( ) 6. A. produced B. imported C. advertised D. introduced
( ) 7. A. word B. guide C. line D. letter
( ) 8. A. that B. what C. who D. whose
( ) 9. A. best B. worst C. busiest D. longest
( ) 10. A. fight B. balance C. blame D. change

---What did your granddaughter say just now?

--- She wondered ___________.

A. what time was it B. whether the book was written by Mark Twain

C. how could she use the MP4 D. when she will have a final test

---If more roads in the future, it will be much easier for people to travel around Xiangyang.

---I agree.

A. will be finished B. have finished C. are finishing D. are finished

--- _______ ways to get on well with your classmates, or you will get yourself very lonely.

  ---OK, I’ll try my best.

   A. To find       B. Find              C. Finding        D. Found

 --- When did you buy this computer? It looks so new.

--- I        it for only a couple of days. My sister bought it for me as a birthday present.

A. bought          B. have bought     C. have had             D. had

 --- Can I join their club?

--- I am afraid you will be refused __________ you’ve passed all their tests.

A. if                 B. when            C. unless            D. since

--- Dad, do you like my picture?

--- How wonderful! It’s ________ one I’ve ever seen!

A. nice B. the nice C. nicer D. the nicest