Passage 3 (2015 南京)

    阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后第56—65小题的 空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

    注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

    Noah Webster was bom on October 16 ,1758,in the West Divi- sion of Hartford,where his father farmed and worked as a weaver. His mother was a housewife.

    Few people went to college at that time,but Noah loved so much to learn that his parents let him go to Yale,Connecticut's only college.Noah graduated in 1778.He desired (渴 望) to study law,but his parents didn't have more money to send him to school.So,in order to make a living,Noah taught in Glastonbury,Hartford and West Hartford.Later he studied law.

    Noah did not like American schools. Sometimes 70 children of all ages were crammed ( into one-room schoolhouses with poor books and untrained teachers. Their books came from England. Noah thought that Americans should learn from American books,so in 1783,Noah wrote his own textbook A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. Most people called it the 44 Blue-Backed SpellerM because of its blue cover.

    For 100 years,Noah's book taught children how to read,spell,and pronounce words.lt was the most popular American book of its lime.Ben Franklin used Noah^ book to teach his granddaughter to read.

    When Noah was 43 ,he started writing the first American dictionary. He clid that because Americans in different parts of the country spelled,pronounced and used words differently. He thought that all Americans should speak in the same way. He also thought that Americans should not speak and spell just like the English. Noah used American spellings like color instead of the English colour and music instead of musick. He also added American words that weren^ in English dictionaries like skunk and squash.He spent over 27 years writing his dictionary.When Noah accomplished (完成) his dictionary in 1828,at the age of 70 ,the first American dictionary came out.It had 70,000 words in it.

    Noah did many things in his life.He worked for copyright laws,wrote textbooks,Americanized the English language,and edited magazines. When Noah Webster died in 1843,he was considered an American hero.

     Noah Webster and the 1  American Dictionary 

Name ： Noah Webster 

Date of birth：October 16,1758 

Major events：

? 1778： After graduating,Noah had to work as a 2   because his

parents couldn’t 3   his further education.

? 1783 ： Crowded schoolhouses with poor English books and un-trained teachers didn’t4  Noah,lie wrote the textbook of his own. The textbook was so 5  at that time that even Ben Franklin used it to teach his granddaughter to read.

? 1801 ：Noah started writing the first American dictionary because he realized it was 6  for all Americans to speak in the same way.Also,he thought all Americans should speak and spell in their    7  way.

? 1828: The first American dictionary wasn’t 8   until Noah was 70 years old.It 9   him over 27 years to write it.

? 1843 ： Because of his contribution to America,Noah was

considered an American 10  when he died.

Passage 2 (2015 镇江，A)

    How do you talk with new people when meeting them if you want to leave a good impression? Here are some tips for you.

    阅读以上信息，用恰当的词完成下面的短文，每空一同。

    When you meet new people,you always want to leave a good impression. But do you know how to be a good speaker? Here is some advice for you.

    The first advice is that you have to show up and observe or listen to others even if you can tell stories 1  . If you go near agroup of people,watch their body language to see if they will offer you a 2   to talk with them.The second advice for you is that some topics should be 3  before the conversation.Next,you don't need to be 4  of silences. You can rush to fill them or leave for another group.The last is relaxing. If you can’t keep a conversation going or you 5  what you should say next,take a break and clear your head,then return to the discussion.

Passage 1(2015 连云港)

请阅读下面短文，在短文后表格中的空白处填上适当的单 词(注意:每空1个单词) 。

        Stop Smoking Now—We Can Help!

    In almost every US city and town,there are local organizations to help people stop smoking. One of the most popular and successful is the California Smokers 5 Helpline. Here is a page from one of their leaflets.

    When you really want a cigarette— try the three Ds：

    1. Delay ： Look at your watch and wait for a couple of minutes. If you can wait two minutes,you won’t want to smoke.

    2. Drink something ： If you drink water or some other drinks,you will reduce the need to have something in your mouth.

    3. Deep breathing： Breathe in slowly and deeply. Count to five when your lungs are full. Then breathe out slowly. Repeat several times.

    And here are some ideas from Florida Anti-smoking Club to help people to give up smoking：

    1. Make a plan： Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke.Don’t see those people and don't go to those places!

    2. Keep busy： Instead of smoking,make a phone call,take a short walk or talk with a friend.

    3. Develop new interests： Exercise walking,biking,jogging,swimming or taking a music class—helps you to forget about cigarettes.

    It is now against the law for anyone to smoke anywhere at any time in our schools.So set a date,and act at once to give up smoking for your own good.

            Title：Stop Smoking Now—We Can Help!

Passage 1 (2015 苏州，C)

    It was Christmas Eve. When everyone went to bed,Bunny couldn’t fall asleep. He still couldn’t think of what he wanted as a special Christmas present. He wondered how Santa—Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didriH know himself.

    As he was sitting up in bed,Bunny heard a big noise on the roof (屋顶) and a sound downstairs. It was Santa Claus,he realized. Bunny jumped out of bed and ran down the hall to the stairs. He hoped to take a look at the old man before Santa left for his next stop.

By the time Bunny was al the bottom of the stairs,everything was silent again.Lots of presents were put under the Christmas tree,but Santa was gone.A little disappointed (失望的) ，Bunny turned lo climb back upstairs when he heard a cry.

    “Hello,” said Bunny.“Is somebody there?”

He was answered by another cry. Bunny looked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise. Right under the tree was a funny looking brown animal with big feet and sad eyes. It also had antlers (鹿角) on its head. Bunny almost mistook it for

a dog.

    ‘‘Are you a reindeer?” asked Bunny.

    “Yes,” replied the brown animal with antlers. u My name is Ralph.”

    “And you were pulling Santa's sled (雪橋) ？”

    “ I was until I got airsick ,” replied Ralph.u Santa had to leave me here and go on with the other seven reindeer. ”

    “Isn’t it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get airsick? I mean,isn’t flying what reindeer are famous for?n

    “Not me,I'm afraid.lt makes me scared.I always feel sick when it comes to Hying,?，replied Ralph But everyone wanted me to pull Santa's sled,so when it was my turn I gave  it a try.I'm afraid I just wasn't cut out for the job. Now Tm stuck here and I don’t know how to get back lo the North Pole."

    “ Well,if you like,you can stay with us as a friend”? said Bunny. As he made the offer,Bunny suddenly realized the special present he wanted from Santa was a new friend!

1. Why couldn’l Bunny fall asleep on Christmas Eve?

   A. He wanted to take a close look at Santa Claus.

   B. He was waiting for his special present from his father.

   C. He was thinking about what present to get from Santa.

   D. He was woken up by a noise on the roof of his house.

2. The underlined phrase “cut out” probably means .

   A. suitable   B. famous   C. ready   D. bad

3. What can we learn from the article?

   A. Ralph is a brown dog with antlers.

   B. Ralph is afraid of flying in the air.

   C. Bunny got a sled as a Christmas present.

   D. Bunny sent Ralph back to the North Pole.

4. This article seems to tell us that .

   A. Santa lives in the South Pole with his reindeer

   B. Santa usually puts Christmas presents on the roofs

   C. Santa uses dogs to bring children presents on Christmas Eve

   D. Santa knows what presents

Passage 10(2013江苏苏州常熟，C) 

    Do you have a mobile phone? Do you send text messages to your friends and family?

    Text messaging or “texting” is becoming very pop- ular.But,scientists have discovered that texting can give us problems with our hands.Be careful!Too much texting can cause swelling (肿胀) in our thumbs and wrists. Our thumbs are not made for pushing small buttons,over and over. Scientists call this problem RSI.

    We spoke to a doctor called Harriet Wilson,who treats many pa?tients with RSI. She said we needed to see how much time we were spending in typing text messages. If we are spending more than 10— 15 minutes at once,we could have problems in the future.

    We also talked with Dr Harjeet Deepa who treats RSI patients. He told us that the youngest patient he had treated was a five-year- old girl.She wasnH doing well at school,so her parents took her for treatrnent.lt was found that she had such bad RSI in her hands,she couldn’t hold a pencil.

    As mobile phones develop,they are getting smaller with buttons closer together. Texting with a smaller phone is worse than using a larger phone with bigger buttons. Using a computer keyboard and pla?ying video games can also cause the same problem.So,more and more people couldn’t find themselves with RSI.

    Many university students and teenagers have RSI,as they do not know the risks (冒险) of spending so much time using computers,video games and mobile phones.If we don't do something about this,too many young people could grow up in terrible pain.

1. What causes the problem RSI?

  A. People make too many phone calls.

  B. Texting is becoming very popular.

  C. People type too many text messages.

  D. Our thumbs were made for pushing buttons.

2. The little girl who Dr Harjeet Deepa treated couldn’t hold a pencil because   .

  A .she didn't go to school 

  B. she was only five years old 

  C. she had no thumbs at all 

  D. she suffered a lot from RSI You can probably read this passage in a .

   A. comic strip   B. story book

   C. science book   D. detective story

4. From the passage we know   .

  A. it is better to use a larger phone with bigger buttons 

  B. it is worse to spend less time typing the text messages 

  C. using the computer keyboard will never cause the problem RSI 

  D. university students who have RSI know it's dangerous to do too much texting

Passage 9(2013江苏南京鼓楼区,C)

    (One day Alice runs after a strange rabbit and comes into a deep hole. She becomes smaller when she wakes up the next day.She finds herself in a wonderland with many amazing things inside.)

    The Caterpillar (毛毛虫) and Alice looked at each other for some time in silence. At last the Caterpillar took the pipe out of its mouth,and said to her in a tired,sleepy voice.

    “Who are you?” asked the Caterpillar.

This opening for a talk couldn^ nicike Alice at ease. Alice re?plied,rather shyly,^“I—I hardly know,sir,just at present-at least I know who I was when I got up this morning,but I think I must have been changed several times since then.^t,

    “What do you mean by that?” said the Caterpillar,     “Explain yourself! ”

    “ I can’t explain myself. I'm afraid,sir ,” said Alice, ^u because I'm not myself,you see."

    “ I don't see”’said the Caterpillar.

    ^“ I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,”Alice replied ver po?litely,^” for I can't understand it myself. And being so many different sizes in a day is very puzzling."

    “It isn’t,” said the Caterpillar. “Well，perhaps you haven’t found it so yet ,” said Alice, ^“ But when you have to turn into a chrysalis (蛹苗) 一you will some day,you know—and then after that into a butterfly,1 think you’ll feel it a little stranger,won’t you?”

    “ Not a bit ,”said the Caterpillar.

    Well,perhaps your feelings may be different, said Alice, All I know is,it would make me feel very strange.

    “You!” said the Caterpillar scornfully. “Who are you?” The question brought them back again to the beginning of the talk. Alice felt a little angry because the Caterpillar was making such very short sentences.She drew herself up and said very seriously,1 think you ought to tell me who you are first."

    “Why?” said the Caterpillar.

    Here was another puzzling question. As Alice could not think out any good reason,and as the Caterpillar seemed to be very unpleasant,she turned away. “ Come back! ” the Caterpillar called after her. “ I've something important to tell you! ”

    This certainly gave Alice some hope. Alice turned and came back again.

1.Where may their talk take place?

   A. In a wonderland. B. In the field.

   C. In the tree. D. Outside the hole.

2. Alicedidn't feel during her talk with Caterpillar.

   A. shy   B. sad   C. angry   D. strange 

3. Why did Alice think she was not herself?

  A. Because she was too young to understand the changes.

  B. Because being changed several times in a day made her feel puz?zled.

  C. Because she didn't like her changes.

  D. Because she didn't feel very well.

4. Put the following statements in the correct order according to the story.

  ①. lice drew herself up.

  ② Alice used an example to explain the changes to herself.

  ③. Alice couldn^ explain herself.

  ④ Alice turned away.

  ⑤Alice looked at Caterpillar for some time in silence.

   A. ⑤②③④①   B. ⑤②③①④

   C. ⑤③②④①   D. ⑤③②①④

5. Which of the following sentences can be added to the end of the story?

   A. “Don’t be silly.You are still yourself,” said the Caterpillar. 

   B. Don’t be angry. You think you’re changed,do you?” said the Caterpillar.

   C. “ Don’t be sad. You’ll grow bigger again,said the Caterpillar.

   D.“Don’t be afraid.You can go home now”’said the Caterpillar.

Passage 8(2014江苏盐城亭湖区，C)

    I love my Blackberry mobile phone—it's my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me.I also love my comput?er's it holds all of my writing and thoughts.However,I know there are times when I need to move away from these things and tmly com?municate with others.

    I teach a course called History Matters in college. My goals for the class include a deep discussion of historical subjects and ideas,because I want students to fully study the materials and discuss with each other in the classroom. I have a rule—no computers,iPads,phones,etc.When students were told my rule,some of them were not happy.

    Most students think my reasons for this rule include negative ex?periences in the past when students made wrong use of technology. There's a bit of truth to that.I've seldom had students make wrong use of technology in my classes; however,I have been e-mailed by students while they were in other teachers^, classrooms.

    Some students think that I am anti-technology. There's no truth in that at all.As I noted above,I love technology and try to keep up with it.

    The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations. Interruptions (中断) by technology often break students thoughts and make them depend too much on outside infor?mation for ideas.I want students to dig deep in themselves for ideas.I want them to push each other to think differently and to make con?nections between the course material and the class discussion.

    I have been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations (评价） show student satisfaction with the envi?ronment that I create.Students realize deep conversation and difficult tasks and they learn at a deeper level—a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.

I am not saying that I won^ ever change my mind about technol?ogy use in my history class,but until I hear a really good reason for the change,I will continue my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.

1. The writer's rule for his History Matters class is  .

  A. discussing historical ideas deeply 

  B. studying and discussing the materials 

  C. leaving technology out of the classroom 

  D. making right use of technology in class 

2. The word “negative” in Paragraph 3 means    .

   A. similar   B. unforgettable   C. special   D. unpleasant 

3. What can we infer from the passage?

  A. Students make right use of technology in other teachers’ classes.

  B. The classroom is one of the good places to have deep conversa?tions.

  C. The writer encourages students to agree with others after discus?sion.

  D. Students are unhappy with the writer's way of teaching history.

4. The writer wants to tell us that    .

  A. technology has different influences in different classes in college 

  B. technology makes it difficult to have true communication in class 

  C. history classes can help students to develop their deep thinking 

  D. it is time for him to give up his teaching method in history class

Passage 7(2014江苏苏州工业园区，C)

    “Another bad day at school?” my father asked as I came into the room.

    ^“ How could you tell? I didn’t shut the door heavily or any?thing,^” I replied.

    “I know moving to a new house has been hard on you.Leaving your friends and cousins behind is tough ,” Papa said. “ What you must remember is that,with a lot of hard work and some time,you will make new friends."

    “You don't know how hard it is. This year my baseball team would have won the championship.They won’t even give me a chance to pitch (投球) here. All I get to play is right field,and that's the worst!”

    Papa turned toward me.^“ Things will get better,I promise you. Let me ask you,do you know why you were named David Lorenzo?” “Yes,your name is David and grandfather's name is Lorenzo." “Very good”and what makes youi. grandfather so important?”

    “ He was the first in the family to come to this country ,” 1 an?swered.

    ^“ That is only partly correct. Your grandfather was a very great man.In Mexico,he had been a teacher.When he came to America he could only get manual labor.(体力劳动) jobs because he didn't speak the language. It took him two years before he spoke English well enough to be allowed to teach here,but he did it. He never complained because he knew change could be difficult. Did he ever tell you that?” my father asked.

    I looked down at my feet,ashamed at my behavior. “No.That must have been hard,” I said sheepishly.

    ^“Your grandfather taught me that if you let people see your tal?ent,they will accept you for who you are.I want you to always remem?ber what my father taught me,even if it takes a few years for people to see who you are ,” said Papa.

    All I could say was ,“ Okay. ” Then I asked ,“ What should I do now?”

Laughing,Papa said ,“How about pitching? You need some practice."

1. From the first three paragraphs,we can learn    .

 A. the writer was in a bad mood these days 

 B. the writer didn't get on well with his father 

 C. the writer's father was strict with him 

 D. the writer didn't work hard enough at school 

2. The father cheered his son up mainly by    .

  A. asking him to train harder 

  B. playing baseball with him 

  C. telling his grandfather's story 

  D. moving to a new house 

3. According to this passage,what did David learn about his grandfa?ther?

  A. He became a teacher as soon as he arrived inAmerica.

  B. He taught in both Mexican and American schools.

  C. He played baseball well when he lived inMexico.

  D. He did manual labor to support his family inAmerica.

4. What would the writer probably do next?

  A. He would give up playing baseball at school.

  B. He would try his best to make new friends.

  C. He would move to live with his grandfather.

  D. He would still dislike school and everything.

Passage 6( 2014 江苏常州，D) 

    For a long time being happy was considered something that just happened,and there was nothing special about it.Now we know that getting along with other people is something that we can work at.It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better.One way is being unselfish,not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look for good points,not bad points in other people. It is surprising how successful this treasure hunt can be.

    You do not have to be spineless (优束寡断的) in order to be popular.In fact,you will be liked or loved if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights (正当行为) .Bui do it politely ami pleasantly.Being friendly and polite to your gioup,to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character.

    You cannot expect to be perfect,and you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes.Everyone makes mistakes,and no one is to be blamed if he does not refuse to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged (灰心丧气的) when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like—selfishness,laziness,and other unpleasant qualities. Just remember that we all have some of these faults (缺点） and have to fight against them.

    At the same time,it is important to remember that while you are probably no worse than others,the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong,it is good sense to try to make it right. Perhaps you do not like a teacher or a classmate.Try to see why,and look at yourself,too,to he sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislike you. Some day,things may turn out all right when you have to learn to get along the best with the situation,without thinking too much about it. Wor?rying never helps in a situation you cannot change. 

l. One of the two ways the writer suggests for us to get along with oth?ers is to  .

  A. work hard at everything we do 

  B. enjoy the best share of everything 

  C. look for treasure in order to be successful 

  D. pay more attention to their strong points

2. If a person wants to be popular,he or she has to    .

  A. be polite and friendly

  B. give up some rights 

  C. get away arguing with other people 

  D. be ready to change his or her character 

3. No person but someone should he blamed if he or she    .

  A. is modest and generous 

  B. does not draw a lesson from his or her own mistake 

  C. is selfish and lazy 

  D. is very unhappy with unpleasant quality 

4. The purpose for the writer to write the passage is to    .

  A. train you to be perfect 

  B. show you the way to be happy 

  C. tell you how to act when you dislike a person

  D. teach you how to be popular among your friends

Passage 5 (2015江苏南通崇川区，A) 

    Six people are talking about two pie shops in a TV program.

  Lily:I've been going to Pie House for twenty years.Now        Marie's son is taking care of the business,and he        makes pies as good as his mothers.I enjoy my stay        there as before. My family also like the pies. We        feel relaxed while staying there.

  Olive：I went to Pie Corner once.Their pies were            great,too.But I feel more comfortable at Pie House.I      am used to the taste there,which makes me feel          happy.Fm really a fan of Pie House.

  Ned： Uncle Roy used to work for my mom. Later he opened     Pie Corner on the next block after he got married.At     the beginning,it's not easy for him,but it is     becoming more and more popular especially among     young people.They think Pie Corner can often give     them a surprise.

  Marie ： Roy was already quite avant-garde when working     with me. I mean he had different,sometimes even     strange,ideas about pies.There were times I thought     his pies wouldn’t taste good,but they turned out     magically delicious. He is really creative and can     always make new pies,which attract many people

 Lee： Ned has done quite well with Pie House.His pies     make you feel warm. But if you want to try something     interesting,you should go to Pie Corner.

  Chuck ： The two pie shops are really different from each     other. If eating Roy's pies is like taking an     exciting trip,then Ned's pies are just like a sweet     home you go back to after a long trip. Which one to     go to depends on what you like.

1. What do we know about the six people?

  A. They all have been to both pie shops.

  B. They all talked about what the pies taste like.

  C. Some of them are the shopkeepers of the pie shops.

  D. Some of them talked about how the shopkeepers treated their workers.

2. Which is true about the pie shops?

  A. Pie House is a family business.

  B. Pie Corner is next to Pie House.

  C. Pie Corner has a longer history than Pie House.

  D. Pie House gives people a place to stay for the night.

3. What does “avant-garde”mean in the reading?

  A. Having： a new and surprising way of thinking.

  B. Trying to find out where the problems come from.

  C. Trying to act like someone who knows everything.

  D. Having many exciting life experiences.