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【题目】阅读材料,回答下列问题。

材料一 2016年1月2~4日,中央气象台连续发布雾霾天气预报,其中江苏属雾霾严重区,PM2.5指数连续5天在600以上。PM2.5粒径小,活性强,多附带有毒、有害物质,易致呼吸道疾病;雾霾导致大气能见度极低,京沪等数条高速公路被迫间断性封闭。

材料二 江苏的火力发电量全国第一,水泥产量全国第一,钢铁产量全国第二。

(1)雾霾的危害主要包括哪些方面?

(2)近年来,与我国西部地区相比,江苏等东部沿海地区的雾霾频发,最主要的原因是什么?有利于雾霾形成的气象条件主要有哪些?

(3)针对江苏省严重的雾霾,结合材料二和所学知识,分析应该采取哪些有效措施进行预防和治理?

【答案】(1)对人体健康的影响和对交通安全的影响。

(2)东部经济发达,化石能源消耗量大。大气条件较稳定、降水少、风力小等;存在逆温层。

(3)控制高能耗企业的发展,加快传统企业的改造升级和第三产业的发展;大力发展公共交通,减少私家车出行;禁烧秸秆;管好工地扬尘;提高能源利用率,使用清洁能源。

【解析】(1)直接据材料分析可知,雾霾附带有毒、有害物质,易致呼吸道疾病,对人体健康构成影响,还导致大气能见度降低,影响交通安全。

(2)江苏近年来火力发电量全国第一,水泥产量全国第一,钢铁产量全国第二,表明江苏经济发达,化石能源消耗量大;雾霾形成的气象条件与逆温层、大气稳定有关。

(3)江苏省防治雾霾的措施,可以从优化产业结构、提高能源利用率、优化能源消费结构等方面思考。

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