【题目】阅读下面这首宋词,完成下题。
郡斋①雨中与诸文士燕集(节选)
韦应物
兵卫森画戟,燕寝凝清香。
海上②风雨至,逍遥池阁凉。
烦疴近消散,嘉宾复满堂。
自惭居处崇,未睹斯民康。
理会③是非遣,性达形迹忘。
【注】①郡斋:指苏州刺史韦应物官署中的斋舍。②海上:指苏州东边的海面。③理会:通达事理。
【1】下列对本诗的理解,不正确的两项是
A.首二句描写郡斋兵卫森严,宴厅凝香,突出刺史的尊贵和威严,但这并非骄矜自夸,而是下文“自惭”的缘由。
B.“海上”以下四句续写宴会环境以及宴前心绪,虽然风驰雨骤令人厌烦,但是满堂的嘉宾却令诗人备觉神清气爽。
C.七八两句写出诗人将未睹“斯民”之康与自惭“居处”之崇两相对比,表达了真切的反省之意。
D.最后两句诗人表示要学会通达事理、乐天知命,这样才能从是非纷纭中超脱,达到忘我的境界。
E.选章叙事、抒情、议论相间,既体现诗人悲天悯人的襟怀,也通过聚会场景的详细描述写出闲适的情趣。
【2】前人曾称赞“自惭居处崇,未睹斯民康”两句“最为警策”,白居易诗《观刈麦》也有类似的警句“念此私自愧,尽日不能忘”,请指出二者情感内蕴的异同之处。
答:
【答案】
【1】 B E
【2】 相同之处:都体现了对百姓疾苦的关注,都表达了自省愧疚之情。
不同之处:韦诗正面描写与嘉宾的宴饮之乐,反衬未见百姓安居的愧疚心理,偏重于对自身责任的警醒;白诗直接刻画百姓困苦的生活,抒发对底层民众的哀悯,含蓄表达对统治阶层 的指责,情感内蕴更为深刻。
【解析】
【1】B项,“风驰雨骤令人厌烦,但是满堂的嘉宾却令诗人备觉神清气爽”错,宴集恰逢下雨,不仅池阁清凉,雨景如画,而且公务骤减,一身轻松,再加上久病初愈,精神健旺,面对嘉宾满堂,诗人不禁喜形于色。E项,选章没有叙事,而有描写。
【2】“自惭、自愧”、“未睹民康”和白诗对农家辛苦劳作、生活贫困的描写都反映了两诗的情感的相同点。结合诗歌内容可知,白居易之所以自愧,是因为诗人自己无功无德又不劳动却能丰衣足食而深感愧疚,表现了一个有良心的封建官吏的人道主义精神;韦应物把自己所得俸禄与农民的辛勤劳动联系起来,把自己的地位和自己的责任联系起来,为自己的无功受禄而深感惭愧,深感不安。
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