Question

【题目】A

(2016·浙江)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing…right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this ＂play＂ is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用): bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it,＂ It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.＂

【1】According to some developmental psychologists, .

A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game

B. scientific research into babies’ games is possible

C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated

D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment

【2】We learn from Paragraph 2 that .

A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently

B. scientists and babies often interact with each other

C. babies are born with the knowledge of object /span>support

D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

【3】Children may learn the rules of language by .

A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology

C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors

【4】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

【5】 What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?

A. Convincing. B. Confused.

C. Confident. D. Cautious.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】D

【3】C

【4】B

【5】D

【解析】

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。

【1】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的but some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this ＂play＂ is more like a scientific investigation than one might think可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。

【2】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world)可知孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选D。

【3】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 ＂For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory＂ 可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。

【4】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的＂Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.＂可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好地了解科学，故选B。

【5】推理判断题。根据作者在文中的用词appear to、用may来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的观点Some psychologist suggest that可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。