【题目】菊花有喜光、喜湿、耐肥、怕涝、生长期长等习性,既有观赏价值,又有药用功能,被誉为药用和饮中之佳品。我国药用菊花按产地不同形成了一些品牌,其中以具有800年历史的黄山(歙县)贡菊质量最为上乘。由于药菊生产周期短、增收快,近些年我国药菊种植发展迅猛,但市场大起大落现象非常严重。下表示意我国药用菊花主要产地与环境。
品种 | 主要产地 | 海拔 (m) | 经纬度 | 年降水量 (mm) | 无霜期 (天) | |
东经 | 北纬 | |||||
贡菊 | 皖,歙县北岸、大阜、 | 200—600 | 118.4° | 29.8° | 1800 | 230 |
杭菊 | 浙,桐乡市灵安、梧桐 | 10—50 | 120.5° | 30.6° | 1176 | 238 |
滁菊 | 皖,全椒县马厂、三合 | 100—150 | 118.0° | 32.0° | 960 | 223 |
亳菊 | 皖,亳州市辛集、大寺 | 10—50 | 115.7° | 33.8° | 796 | 210 |
怀菊 | 豫,武陟县嘉应观、北郭 | 10—50 | 113.3° | 35.0° | 636 | 208 |
济菊 | 鲁,嘉祥县纸坊 | 30—80 | 116.3° | 35.4° | 700 | 210 |
（1）黄山(歙县)发展贡菊生产有哪些区位优势?
（2）和其他主要药菊相比,黄山(歙县)贡菊质量更优的原因是什么?
（3）药菊种植区可采取哪些措施应对大起大落的市场波动?
【答案】
（1）黄山山区多向阳山坡,通风、通气、排水等条件好;属于亚热带季风气候,水热条件优越;种植历史悠久,具有种植经验和品牌优势;劳动力资源丰富;社会经济稳步发展,人们生活水平提高,市场需求增加。
（2）分布地区海拔较高,日照时间和无霜期长,气温较低,病虫害较少;降水较多,空气湿度较大;生长环境比较洁净。
（3）加大科技投入,改良品种,延长产业链,提高市场竞争力和深加工能力;集约化经营,科学预测市场需求,协调种植面积。
【解析】
试题分析：
（1）黄山(歙县)发展贡菊生产的区位优势主要从地形、气候等自然条件以及市场、劳动力等社会经济因素角度分析。黄山位于安徽省，属于亚热带季风气候，水热条件好，多向阳山坡，能够满足“喜光、喜湿、耐肥、怕涝、生长期长”等习性。黄山贡菊有800年历史，说明经验和品牌有优势，同时，人口稠密，劳动力资源丰富。随着人们生活水平的提高，对于贡菊的需求量大增，市场广阔等都有利于黄山贡菊的生产。
（2）和其他主要药菊相比,黄山(歙县)贡菊质量更优的原因主要从“我国药用菊花主要产地与环境”表来看。读统计表可知，黄山海拔高（200-600米），无霜期长（230天），光照充足，气温低，病虫害少。海拔高，人类活动对环境的影响相对较小，环境洁净。
（3）药菊种植区应对大起大落的市场波动可采取的措施主要从提高产品质量、加大宣传、科学经营、适应市场需求方面考虑。可以加大科技投入，改良品种，提高品质，发展人们喜爱的品种。同时应当加大集约化经营力度，以市场为导向，协调种植面积，不能盲目生产。还可以进行深加工，进一步延长产业链，提高经济效应。
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