【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题
惑奸谗抄检大观园(节选)①
这里凤姐和王善保家的②又到探春院内。谁知早有人报与探春了。探春也就猜着必有原故,所以引出这等丑态来,遂命众丫鬟秉烛开门而待。一时,众人来了,探春故问:“何事?”凤姐笑道:“因丢了一件东西,连日访察不出人来,恐怕旁人赖这些女孩子们,所以大家搜一搜,使人去疑,倒是洗净他们的好法子。”探春冷笑道:“我们的丫头,自然都是些贼,我就是头一个窝主。既如此,先来搜我的箱柜,他们所偷了来的,都交给我藏着呢。”说着便命丫头们把箱柜、镜奁、妆盒、衾袱、衣包,若大若小之物,一齐打开,请凤姐去抄阅。凤姐陪笑道:“我不过是奉太太③的命来,妹妹别错怪了我。何必生气。”因命丫鬟们:“快快给姑娘关上。”
平儿丰儿④等忙着替待书⑤等关的关,收的收。探春道:“我的东西,倒许你们搜阅;要想搜我的丫头,这却不能。我原比众人歹毒,凡丫头所有的东西,我都知道,都在我这里间收着。一针一线,他们也没得收藏。要搜所以只来搜我。你们不依,只管去回太太,只说我违背了太太,该怎么处治,我去自领。你们别忙,自然连你们抄的日子有呢!你们今日早起不曾议论甄家,自己家里好好的抄家,果然今日真抄了。咱们也渐渐的来了!可知这样大族人家,若从外头杀来,一时是杀不死的。这是古人说的‘百足之虫,死而不僵’!必须先从家里自杀自灭起来,才能一败涂地!”说着,不觉流下泪来。
凤姐只看着众媳妇们。周瑞家的便道:“既是女孩子的东西全在这里,奶奶且请到别处去罢,也让姑娘好安寝。”凤姐便起身告辞。探春道:“可细细搜明白了。若明日再来,我就不依了。”凤姐笑道:“既然丫头们的东西都在这里,就不必搜了。”探春冷笑道:“你果然倒乖!连我的包袱都打开了,还说没翻?明日敢说我护着丫头们,不许你们翻了?你趁早说明,若还要翻,不妨再翻一遍!”凤姐知道探春素日与众不同的,只得陪笑道:“我已经连你的东西都搜查明白了。”探春又问众人:“你们也都搜明白了没有?”周瑞家的等都陪笑说:“都明白了。”
那王善保家的本是个心内没成算的人,素日虽闻探春的名,那是为众人没眼色没胆量罢了,哪里一个姑娘就这样利害起来?况且又是庶出⑥,他敢怎么着?自己又是邢夫人的陪房⑦,连王夫人尚另眼相待,何况别人?只当是探春认真单恼凤姐,与他们无干,他便要趁势作脸⑧,因越众向前,拉起探春的衣襟,故意一掀,嘻嘻的笑道:“连姑娘身上我都翻了,果然没有什么。”凤姐见他这样,忙说:“妈妈走罢,别疯疯癫癫的。”
一语未了,只听“啪”的一声,王家的脸上早着了探春一巴掌。探春登时大怒,指着王家的问道:“你是什么东西,敢来拉扯我的衣裳!我不过看着太太的面上,你又有几岁年纪,叫你一声‘妈妈’;你就狗仗人势,天天作耗,专管生事,在我们跟前逞脸!如今越发了不得了!你索性望我动手动脚的了!你打量我是和你们姑娘那么好性儿,由着你们欺负,你就错了主意了!你来搜检东西,我不恼,你不该拿我取笑儿!”说着,便亲自解衣卸裙,拉着凤姐儿细细的翻,“省得叫你们奴才来翻我!”
凤姐平儿等都忙与探春理裙整袂,口内喝着王善保家的说:“妈妈吃两口酒,就疯疯癫癫起来。前儿把太太也冲撞了。快出去,别再讨脸了!”又忙劝探春:“好姑娘,别生气。他算什么,姑娘气着,倒值多了。”探春冷笑道:“我但凡有气,早一头碰死了!不然,怎么许奴才来我身上搜贼赃呢?明儿一早,先回过老太太、太太,再过去给大娘赔礼。该怎么着,我去领!”
那王善保家的讨了个没脸,赶忙躲出窗外,只说:“罢了,罢了!这也是头一遭挨打!我明儿回了太太,仍回老娘家去罢!这个老命还要他做什么?”探春喝命丫鬟:“你们听着他说话!还等我和他拌嘴去不成?”待书听说,便出去说道:“妈妈,你知点道理儿,省一句儿罢。你果然回老娘家去,倒是我们的造化了!只怕你舍不得去!你去了,叫谁讨主子的好儿,调唆着查考姑娘,折磨我们呢?”凤姐笑道:“好丫头!真是有其主必有其仆。”探春冷笑道:“我们做贼的人,嘴里都有三言两语的,就只不会背地里调唆主子!”平儿忙也陪笑解劝,一面又拉了待书进来。周瑞家的等人劝了一番。凤姐直待服侍探春睡下,方带着人往对过暖香坞⑨来。
【注】①选自《红楼梦》第74回。因贾母的丫鬟傻大姐在大观园内拾到了绣春囊(青年男女表示情意的一种信物,是绣有暧昧图案的香囊),被贾赦之妻邢夫人得到,交给了掌管贾家内政大权的贾政之妻王夫人。王夫人盛怒之下,责问当家人王熙凤之后,又下命令对住在大观园里的丫鬟、婆子们进行突击搜查。本段是众人来到贾探春住处欲搜检其丫鬟们时发生的故事。②王善保家的:王善保的妻子,是邢夫人的陪房、心腹。③太太:指王夫人。④平儿丰儿:都是王熙凤的丫鬟。⑤待书:贾探春的丫鬟。⑥庶出:妾生。⑦陪房:古代有钱人家的小姐出嫁时从娘家带过去的以家庭为单位的奴才。⑧作脸:争脸面,争出风头。⑨暖香坞:是大观园里的一座建筑,是贾四小姐惜春所住。
【1】下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏,不正确的一项是( )
A.当王熙凤领着众婆子抄家到探春院中,探春早猜出其中的缘故,她让丫头们打开所有的箱柜,让来者抄检,以便让来者当场现丑。
B.探春面对王熙凤除疑的借口,冷笑以对,说自己是窝主,丫头们所有偷来的东西都交予她,这种敢作敢当的气魄对王熙凤等具有极强的震慑作用。
C.王熙凤面对心强气盛的探春,表现得十分冷静和善,一再赔笑,说这是太太的主意,并让婆子们赶快离开,一副息事宁人的姿态。
D.探春十分袒护自己的丫鬟,只允许王熙凤抄检自己,不允许抄检丫鬟,说自己比众人歹毒,这种以守为攻的态度显示了探春的勇毅和胆识。
【2】作者是怎样写探春打王善保家的那一巴掌?这样写有什么作用?
答:___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【3】结合节选文字,举例说明贾探春有哪些性格特征。
答:___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】
【1】B
【2】是先写声音,再写这声音发自的动作。这样写凸出了这一巴掌打得响亮!打得大快人心,打得痛快淋漓,打得扬眉吐气,强化了探春嫉恶如仇,不畏强权的性格。
【3】特征:①伶牙俐齿,能言善辩(应对抄捡);②不畏强权,敢作敢当(打王善保家的耳光);③见识深远,真知灼见(慨叹抄捡是在“自杀自灭”)。
【解析】
【1】B项,“敢作敢当”理解错误,东西不是探春和丫鬟偷的,不能说是“敢作敢当”。
【2】依据内容可知先写声音后写动作。这些都是为塑造人物形象服务,依据后文探春的语言可知探春的性格特点。
【3】概括分析人物形象,要抓住人物的言行心理,在这段节选的文字中,可以看出探春的胆识、气魄和维护自身尊严的决绝态度。
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