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【题目】读下表,完成下列问题。

三类工厂的投入构成比较

工厂

原料

能源

运费

科技

工资

其它

41%

17%

2%

5%

14%

21%

4%

8%

5%

50%

13%

20%

17%

10%

11%

3%

39%

20%

【1】类工厂最有可能是

A甜菜榨糖厂 B面包厂

C电子元件厂 D汽车制造厂

【2】随着社会的进步,现代工业投入构成转变的进程是

A①→② B②→③

C③→② D③→①

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【解析】

试题分析:

【1】本题考查影响工业区位选择的主导因素。根据影响工业区位选择的主导因素不同,原料重量大于产品重量,或原料不便于长距离运输的为原料指向型工业;产品重量大于原料重量,或产品不便于长距离运输为市场指向型工业;工业生产需要消耗大量能源的为动力指向型工业;生产对劳动力数量要求较多的是廉价劳动力指向型;技术投入较多的是技术指向型。由表格可知,类工厂原料投入比例高,为原料指向型工业。所以本题选择A选项,面包厂属于市场指向型工业;电子元件厂属于技术指向型 汽车制造厂属于资源指向性。故B、C、D错。

【2】本题考查工业区位因素的变化。工业采用的原料种类越来越多,原料但对工业的区位影响逐渐减弱;工业生产对劳动力数量的投入越来越少,对劳动力的技能和素质要求越来越高;市场和技术、信息对工业区位的影响越来越强。有图表判断类为原料指向性类为技术指向型工业;类为劳动力密集型工业现代工业投入构成转变的进程是由劳动密集型转变为技术密集型。答案C正确。

工业区位类型

主要工业部门

特点

布局原则

发展变化

原料导向型

甜菜或甘蔗制糖厂、水产品加工厂、水果罐头厂

原料不便于长距离运输或运输原料的成本较高

接近原料产地

原料影响在减弱

市场导向型

啤酒厂、家具厂、印刷厂、炼油厂

产品不便于长距离运输或运输产品的成本较高

接近市场

市场影响在加强

动力导向型

有色冶金,如炼铝厂

需要消耗大量能源

接近火电厂或水电站

动力影响在减弱

劳动力导向型

纺织、普通服装制造、电子装配、制伞、制鞋

需投入大量劳动力

接近具有大量廉价劳动力的地方

劳动力数量影响在减弱,劳动力素质影响在增强

技术导向型

集成电路、卫星、飞机、精密仪表、激光、核电、高分子合成

对技术条件要求高

接近高等院校和科技发达地区

人才和知识的影响力在加强

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