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    【题目】阅读下面这首唐诗，完成后面的题目。

    咏怀二首(其二)

    李贺

    日夕著书罢，惊霜落素丝。

    镜中聊自笑，讵是南山期①！

    头上无幅巾，苦蘗已染衣②。

    不见清溪鱼，饮水得相宜？

    【注】 ①南山期：指长寿。②苦蘗已染衣：指穿着苦蘗染就的黄衣。

    (1)“惊霜落素丝”是什么意思？这一句在全诗中有什么作用？请简要分析。

    答：________________________________________________________________________

    ________________________________________________________________________

    (2)请结合具体内容，分析这首诗所表达的思想感情。

    答：________________________________________________________________________

    ________________________________________________________________________

    【答案】(1)对如霜的白发掉落下来感到非常震惊。写出了作者的现状和内心感受，是作者感情抒发的触动点。

    (2)①对人生苦短、沉沦不遇的感慨。作者傍晚著书完毕，发现白发掉落，于是感慨人生苦短；作者成天苦吟，是为了排遣沉沦不遇的苦闷。②对贫苦生活的无奈。作者头上不裹“幅巾”，穿着苦蘗染就的黄衣，生活清贫，只好用喝清水的鱼来自我宽慰。

    【解析】 在这首诗里，李贺比较具体地描述了自己赋闲在家的生活和思想状况。全诗叹“老”嗟贫，充满忧伤绝望的情绪。

    首联两句写作者傍晚著书完毕，发现头上白发如霜且丝丝掉落，感到很震惊，不禁感慨万千。三、四句写自己看到白发以后的反应。尽管表面显得很轻松，却掩藏不了内心深处的痛苦，端详着镜中早衰的容颜，不禁暗自发笑：像我这样终日愁苦，年纪轻轻就生了白发，哪会有南山之寿！作者这时已由“早衰”想到“早死”，流露出悲观绝望的情绪。他的笑，不过是一种无可奈何的苦笑而已。

    后四句写作者乡居时的贫苦生活：头上不裹“幅巾”，任凭风吹日晒，身上穿着用苦蘗染就的黄衣，与乡野之人无异。写到极苦处，忽然宕开一笔，故意自宽自解：“不见清溪鱼，饮水得相宜？”——那些生活在清溪里的鱼儿，除了水，什么可吃的东西也没有，可它们还是怡然自得，尽情嬉戏。同鱼儿相比，我还有什么不满足的呢？这里形式上是转折，意义上是发展、深化，作者表现出的超然态度，有力地烘托了他的悲苦情怀。

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