【题目】阅读下面诗歌,回答问题。
蝉
李商隐
本以高难饱,徒劳恨费声。
五更疏欲断,一树碧无情。
薄宦梗犹泛,故园芜已平。
烦君最相警,我亦举家清。
【注释】①本:本来。高难饱:蝉以高洁自处,自然难以得饱。费声:枉费鸣声。②疏欲断:鸣声稀疏,无力继续下去。碧无情:碧树对蝉的鸣叫无动于衷。③薄宦梗犹泛:诗人以之喻己漂泊不定的生涯。故园芜已平:这句语出陶潜《归去来辞》:“归去来兮,田园将芜,胡不归?”④烦:劳。最相警:最能使自己警觉,或给我敲响警钟。
(1)这首咏物诗抒发了诗人怎样的情怀?
(2)这首咏蝉诗之所以最为入妙,关键在于写蝉能达到形神俱似,并采用什么方法来写?请结合原诗作简要的分析。
【答案】(1)抒发了诗人自己不得同情、不得提携,四处漂泊,寄人篱下,壮志难酬,怀才不遇的牢骚和困顿不平之感。表露出自己保持清高廉洁,不改初衷和意欲退隐之意。(2)采用正面描写和侧面烘托相结合的手法。先说蝉因清高,难免受饥,其怨恨之声,实属徒劳,这是正面描写;再说它尽管叫得声嘶力竭,疏落断续,但是所栖之树毫不动情,这是侧面烘托。
【解析】(1)评价文章的思想内容和作者的观点态度。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
诗如其人,而其人所咏之物往往似己。因此大体了解作者身世,特别是名家的身世和其为人,这对回答好鉴赏问题至关重要。(2)鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
咏物诗的创作关键在于“咏物”,要达到形神兼备,物我一境,最好要采用正面描写和侧面烘托相结合的手法。这是创作的诀窍,也是回答鉴赏问题的诀窍。
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