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【题目】(9分)某研究性学习小组欲研究细胞膜的结构和成分,如果你是课题组成员,请你设计一个简易实验制备较纯净的细胞膜,并对其成分进行鉴定。

A.制备较纯净的细胞膜

(1)用蒸馏水处理红细胞溶血后,流出细胞外的物质主要应该是________________________,这种物质的特性是________________________,因而使红细胞具有________________________的功能。

(2)用________________________进行多次冲洗,即可获得较纯净的细胞膜。

B.对细胞膜的成分进行鉴定

(3)在制得的膜成分中加入双缩脲试剂,如果产生________________________反应,即可证明细胞膜成分中含有________________________

(4)研究发现,脂溶性物质容易透过细胞膜,非脂溶性物质透过细胞膜十分困难,这表明组成细胞膜的主要成分中有________________________

(5)该实验表明,组成细胞膜的主要成分有____________________________________

【答案】(除标明外,每空1分,共9分)

(1)血红蛋白 易与氧气结合 运输氧气

(2)蒸馏水

(3)紫色 蛋白质

(4)脂质

(5)蛋白质和脂质(2分)

【解析】(1)红细胞内的血红蛋白易与氧气结合,因而使红细胞有运输氧气的功能。(2)制备细胞膜应选用哺乳动物成熟的红细胞,因为其内没有线粒体、核膜等多种膜结构的影响,用蒸馏水处理后会吸水涨破。(3)蛋白质遇双缩脲试剂产生紫色反应,根据这一特性可以鉴定细胞膜中有无蛋白质的存在。(4)很据“相似相溶原理”,可表明组成细胞膜的主要成分中有脂质。(5)细胞膜主要由蛋白质和脂质组成。

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