【题目】阅读下面的唐诗,完成后面的问题。
隋宫
李商隐
紫泉宫殿锁烟霞,欲取芜城作帝家。
玉玺不缘归日角,锦帆应是到天涯。
于今腐草无萤火,终古垂杨有暮鸦。
地下若逢陈后主③,岂宜重问后庭花?
【注】①日角:指隆起如日的额骨,古代以为是帝王之相,此指唐高祖。
②隋炀帝很喜欢收集萤火,广种垂柳,劳民伤财,以供个人玩乐。
③陈后主:南朝陈皇帝。公元582—589年在位。在位时大建宫室,生活奢侈,日与妃嫔、文臣游宴,制作艳词。
(1)此诗颈联颇受赞赏,请分析它使用的艺术手法。
(2)此诗尾联蕴涵丰富,意味深长,请简要赏析。
【答案】(1)颈联运用了对比(手法,1分),“于今腐草无萤火,终古垂杨有暮鸦”写今日之现实,隋炀帝喜欢收集萤火,广种垂柳,如今只剩片片腐草,阵阵暮鸦(描述诗意,1分),何等荒唐可笑! 鲜明突出,在辛辣冷峻的讽刺中,流露出无穷的盛衰兴亡之感(讽刺隋炀帝劳民伤财,穷奢极欲招致灭亡也可,效果1分)。
(2)尾联“地下若逢陈后主,岂宜重问《后庭花》!”通过想象(或虚写)(1分),设想隋炀帝在地下若与陈后主相遇,难道还好意思再提起游乐艳词歌舞吗?(1分)以反问(1分)作结,问而不答,寓答于问的写法,显得奇警道劲,增强了批判力度,很好地体现了“婉而多讽”的特色。这首诗批判隋炀帝不接受历史教训,步了陈后主之后尘,为唐末帝王敲响了警钟(1分)。
【解析】
(1)第一小问是要求分析诗的颈联所使用的艺术手法。对此,先要分析诗歌颈联的表现特征。颈联中,“于今”与“终古”,“无”与“有”,对比明显。第二小问要求赏析尾联的丰富蕴涵,对此,首先要答出尾联诗句本身所表现出的内容,其次,要答出尾联背后所隐含的诗人的思想感情和观点态度。本题在答题最容易出现失误的地方就是表现手法的遗漏,赏析类的题目,一是要析手法,二是要赏好处。好处,即表达效果,就本题来说就是蕴含丰富,意味深长。
(2)本题考查学生对诗歌表达技巧的鉴赏的能力,能力层次为D级。
题干要求赏析尾联的丰富蕴涵,对此,首先要答出尾联诗句本身所表现出的内容,其次,要答出尾联背后所隐含的诗人的思想感情和观点态度。本题在答题最容易出现失误的地方就是表现手法的遗漏,赏析类的题目,一是要析手法,二是要赏好处。好处,即表达效果,就本题来说就是蕴含丰富,意味深长。
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